{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T02:26:46Z","timestamp":1782440806791,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,25]],"date-time":"2019-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000015","name":"U.S. Department of Energy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DNN R&D NA-22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DNN R&D NA-22"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1818732"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1818732"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LSAMP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LSAMP"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cadmium zinc telluride selenide (Cd1\u2212xZnxTe1\u2212ySey or CZTS) is one of the emerging CdTe-based semiconductor materials for detecting X- and gamma-ray radiation at or near room temperature (i.e., without cryogenic cooling). Potential applications of CZTS sensors include medical imaging, X-ray detection, and gamma-ray spectroscopy. Chemical passivation of CZTS is needed to reduce the conductivity of Te-rich surfaces, which reduces the noise and improves the device performance. In this study, we focus on the effect of surface passivation of CZTS using a 10% aqueous solution of ammonium fluoride. The effects of the chemical treatment were studied on the leakage current, charge transport measured as the electron mobility-lifetime (\u00b5\u03c4) product, and the spectral resolution measured as the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of specific peaks. After passivation, the leakage current increased and began to decrease towards pre-passivation levels. The energy resolutions were recorded for eight applied voltages between \u221235 V and \u2212200 V. The results showed an average of 25% improvement in the detector\u2019s energy resolution for the 59.6 keV gamma peak of Am-241. The electron \u00b5\u03c4 product was unchanged at 2 \u00d7 10\u22123 cm2\/V. These results show that ammonium fluoride is effective for chemical passivation of CZTS detectors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19153271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,25]],"date-time":"2019-07-25T05:37:41Z","timestamp":1564033061000},"page":"3271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Ammonium Fluoride Passivation of CdZnTeSe Sensors for Applications in Nuclear Detection and Medical Imaging"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Stephen U.","family":"Egarievwe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Science Center, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Alabama A&amp;M University, Normal, AL 35762, USA"},{"name":"National Security and Nonproliferation Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Utpal N.","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Security and Nonproliferation Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmella A.","family":"Goree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological and Environmental Sciences Department, Alabama A&amp;M University, Normal, AL 35762, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benicia A.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological and Environmental Sciences Department, Alabama A&amp;M University, Normal, AL 35762, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanette","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological and Environmental Sciences Department, Alabama A&amp;M University, Normal, AL 35762, USA"},{"name":"Center for Biomedical, Behavioral and Environmental Health Research, Alabama A&amp;M University, Normal, AL 35762, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph B.","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Security and Nonproliferation Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA"},{"name":"Science and Technology Directorate, Savannah River National Laboratory, Aiken, SC 29808, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-38188-w","article-title":"Role of selenium addition to CdZnTe matrix for room-temperature radiation detector applications","volume":"9","author":"Roy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. 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