{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T04:14:49Z","timestamp":1768796089545,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51675488"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51675488"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Negative-capacitance shunted piezoelectric polymer was investigated in depth due to its considerable damping effect. This paper discusses the novel controlled stiffness performance from a rhombic piezoelectric stack transducer with three hybrid negative-impedance shunts, namely, negative capacitance in series with resistance, negative capacitance in parallel with resistance, and negative inductance\/negative capacitance (NINC) in series with resistance. An analytical framework for establishing the model of the coupled system is presented. Piezoelectric shunt stiffness (PSS) and piezoelectric shunt damping (PSD) are proposed to analyze the stiffness and damping performances of the hybrid shunts. Theoretical analysis proves that the PSS can produce both positive and negative stiffness by changing the negative capacitance and adjustable resistance. The Routh\u2013Hurwitz criterion and the root locus method are utilized to judge the stability of the three hybrid shunts. The results point out that the negative capacitance should be selected carefully to sustain the stability and to achieve the negative stiffness effect of the transducer. Furthermore, negative capacitance in parallel with resistance has a considerably better stiffness bandwidth and damping performance than the other two shunts. This study demonstrates a novel electrically controlled stiffness method for vibration control engineering.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19153387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T11:39:37Z","timestamp":1564659577000},"page":"3387","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Piezoelectric Shunt Stiffness in Rhombic Piezoelectric Stack Transducer with Hybrid Negative-Impedance Shunts: Theoretical Modeling and Stability Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1452-2355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leiying","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering &amp; Automation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenguang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering &amp; Automation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China"},{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering &amp; Automation, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chenxue","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering &amp; Automation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuanyu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering &amp; Automation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"035015","DOI":"10.1088\/0964-1726\/17\/3\/035015","article-title":"Vibration damping with negative capacitance shunts: Theory and experiment","volume":"17","author":"Marneffe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Smart Mater. 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