{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T02:04:18Z","timestamp":1784685858720,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,2]],"date-time":"2019-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61571199"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61571199"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are relatively advanced nanomaterials, and are widely used in biology, physics and medicine, especially as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. Characterization of the properties of magnetic nanoparticles plays an important role in the application of magnetic particles. As a contrast agent, the relaxation rate directly affects image enhancement. We characterized a series of monodispersed magnetic nanoparticles using different methods and measured their relaxation rates using a 0.47 T low-field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance instrument. Generally speaking, the properties of magnetic nanoparticles are closely related to their particle sizes; however, neither longitudinal relaxation rate      r 1      nor transverse relaxation rate      r 2      changes monotonously with the particle size    d   . Therefore, size can affect the magnetism of magnetic nanoparticles, but it is not the only factor. Then, we defined the relaxation rates      r i \u2032      (i = 1 or 2) using the induced magnetization of magnetic nanoparticles, and found that the correlation relationship between      r 1 \u2032      relaxation rate and      r 1      relaxation rate is slightly worse, with a correlation coefficient of      R 2      = 0.8939, while the correlation relationship between      r 2 \u2032      relaxation rate and      r 2      relaxation rate is very obvious, with a correlation coefficient of      R 2      = 0.9983. The main reason is that      r 2      relaxation rate is related to the magnetic field inhomogeneity, produced by magnetic nanoparticles; however      r 1      relaxation rate is mainly a result of the direct interaction of hydrogen nucleus in water molecules and the metal ions in magnetic nanoparticles to shorten the      T 1      relaxation time, so it is not directly related to magnetic field inhomogeneity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19153396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,2]],"date-time":"2019-08-02T11:58:16Z","timestamp":1564747096000},"page":"3396","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Characterization and Relaxation Properties of a Series of Monodispersed Magnetic Nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yapeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenzhong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16706","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0456252","article-title":"Direct imaging of zero-field dipolar structures in colloidal dispersions of synthetic magnetite","volume":"126","author":"Klokkenburg","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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