{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:44:03Z","timestamp":1760240643933,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,4]],"date-time":"2019-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51709161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51709161"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shandong Province Young and Middle-Aged Scientists Research Awards Fund","award":["BS2015HZ017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BS2015HZ017"]}]},{"name":"Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province Science and Technology Plan Projects","award":["J16LH04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J16LH04"]}]},{"name":"the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province","award":["2018GHY115045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018GHY115045"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China","award":["ZR2019MEE032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2019MEE032"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A vortex-induced vibration (VIV) experiment on a standing variable-tension deepsea riser was conducted to investigate the applicability and sensitivity of Bare Fiber Bragg Grating (BFBG) sensor technology for testing deepsea riser vibrations. The dominant frequencies, dimensionless displacements, in-line and cross-flow couplings of the riser VIV under different top tensions were observed through wavelet transform and modal decomposition. The result indicated that, excited by the same external flow velocities, the cross-flow and in-line dominant frequencies of the riser both decreased with increasing top tension. In terms of displacement responses, increasing top tension caused the root mean square (RMS) displacement to decrease and the vibration amplitude to reduce. In terms of cross-flow and in-line coupling, the closer a location is to the ends of the riser, the smaller the trajectory is and the more standard the \u201c8\u201d becomes. During top tension increases, there exists a \u201clag\u201d in the time when the riser\u2019s vibration trajectory becomes an \u201c8\u201d. The Slalom Surround Installation approach can effectively prevent the local breakage of the optical fiber string. BFBG sensor technology can give an accurate presentation of the displacement time history, vibration amplitude and frequency of the riser, provides a clear picture of how the riser\u2019s mode and VIV evolve as a function of flow velocity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19153419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,5]],"date-time":"2019-08-05T03:25:22Z","timestamp":1564975522000},"page":"3419","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Investigation on Vortex-Induced Vibration Experiment of a Standing Variable-Tension Deepsea Riser Based on BFBG Sensor Technology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Peng","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aijun","family":"Cong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhengkai","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaomin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yantai CIMC Raffles Ocean Engineering Co., Ltd., Yantai 264000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfluidstructs.2017.01.006","article-title":"Mode excitation hysteresis of a flexible cylinder undergoing vortex-induced vibrations","volume":"69","author":"Gedikli","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Fluids Struct."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfluidstructs.2018.03.008","article-title":"Vortex-induced vibrations of cylinders bent by the flow","volume":"80","author":"Leclercq","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Fluids Struct."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfluidstructs.2005.04.010","article-title":"Laboratory measurements of vortex-induced vibrations of a vertical tension riser in a stepped current","volume":"21","author":"Chaplin","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Fluids Struct."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfluidstructs.2006.01.002","article-title":"Modal analysis of measurements from a large-scale VIV model test of a riser in linearly sheared flow","volume":"22","author":"Lie","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Fluids Struct."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfluidstructs.2009.03.007","article-title":"Wake structures and vortex-induced vibrations of a long flexible cylinder\u2014Part 1: Dynamic response","volume":"25","author":"Bearman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Fluids Struct."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfluidstructs.2009.03.006","article-title":"Wake structures and vortex-induced vibrations of a long flexible cylinder\u2014Part 2: Drag coefficients and vortex modes","volume":"25","author":"Bearman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Fluids Struct."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfluidstructs.2010.02.002","article-title":"Vibration frequency and lock-in bandwidth of tensioned, flexible cylinders experiencing vortex shedding","volume":"26","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Fluids Struct."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apor.2010.11.004","article-title":"Analysis and prediction of vortex-induced vibrations of variable- tension vertical risers in linearly sheared currents","volume":"33","author":"Srinil","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Appl. Ocean Res."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"35","article-title":"Analysis of natural vibration characteristics of deep-sea full-size tension riser","volume":"46","author":"Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pet. Mach."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"218","article-title":"Dynamic response analysis of deep-sea tension riser based on vector finite element method","volume":"35","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vib. Shock"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"1142","article-title":"Study on Mathieu instability of deepsea top tension riser","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ship Mech."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7017","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2019.1597308","article-title":"An experimental study on the characteristic pattern of internal solitary waves in optical remote-sensing images","volume":"40","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yofte.2017.09.003","article-title":"Experimental study on an FBG strain sensor","volume":"40","author":"Hong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Opt. Fiber Technol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campanella, C.E., Cuccovillo, A.C., Clarissa, Y.A., and Passaro, V.M.N. (2018). Fibre Bragg Grating Based Strain Sensors: Review of Technology and Applications. Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/s18093115"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"1","article-title":"FBG-embedded oblong diaphragms with extended dynamic range","volume":"2","author":"Frizera","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. Lett."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuan, Q., Wang, Z.Y., Song, L.P., Lu, Z.Y., Hu, D.N., Qin, J.Q., and Yang, T.X. (2019). A Fast Linearly Wavelength Step-Swept Light Source Based on Recirculating Frequency Shifter and Its Application to FBG Sensor Interrogation. Sensors, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/s19030593"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1117\/12.963022","article-title":"Fiber optic Bragg grating sensors","volume":"1169","author":"Morey","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4309","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1148392","article-title":"Fiber bragg gratings","volume":"68","author":"Othonos","year":"1997","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Instrum."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, J., Zhou, Z., Zhang, L., Chen, J., Ji, C., and Pham, D.T. (2016). Strain modal analysis of small and light pipes using distributed fibre bragg grating sensors. Sensors, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/s16101583"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2018.11.038","article-title":"Design and investigation of a sensitivity-enhanced fiber Bragg grating sensor for micro-strain measurement","volume":"285","author":"Peng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators A Phys."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2011.05.020","article-title":"Laboratory tests of vortex-induced vibrations of a long flexible riser pipe subjected to uniform flow","volume":"38","author":"Song","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ocean Eng."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfluidstructs.2014.02.006","article-title":"Towing tank experiments on the vortex-induced vibrations of low mass ratio long flexible cylinders","volume":"48","author":"Bangash","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fluids Struct."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marstruc.2017.10.009","article-title":"Multi-mode flow-induced vibrations of two side-by-side slender flexible cylinders in a uniform flow","volume":"57","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mar. Struct."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blevins, R.D. (1977). Flow Induced Vibration, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3424205"},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Xu, P., and Hao, W.S. (2016). Vibration Signal Processing and Data Analysis, Science Press. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfluidstructs.2018.10.009","article-title":"Vortex-induced vibration and mode transition of a curved flexible free-hanging cylinder in exponential shear flows","volume":"84","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Fluids Struct."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"1421","article-title":"Study on the traveling wave effect of vortex-induced vibration of a long flexible tube under the action of stepped flow","volume":"22","author":"Bai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ship Mech."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfluidstructs.2018.05.010","article-title":"Observed mode shape effects on the vortex-induced vibration of bending dominated flexible cylinders simply supported at both ends","volume":"81","author":"Gedikli","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Fluids Struct."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Li, P. (2012). Study on Vortex-Induced Vibration and Interference Experiment of Deep-Water Marine Conveyance Riser. [Ph.D. Thesis, Ocean University of China]."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-9746(87)90279-9","article-title":"The relationship between in-line and cross-flow vortex-induced vibration of cylinders","volume":"1","author":"Vandiver","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Fluids Struct."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/19\/15\/3419\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:13:16Z","timestamp":1760188396000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/19\/15\/3419"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,4]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}},"alternative-id":["s19153419"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s19153419","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,4]]}}}