{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:43:08Z","timestamp":1760240588919,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,9]],"date-time":"2019-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P2-0227","J2-8170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2-0227","J2-8170"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To perform geodetic measurements of displacements of the ground and manmade constructions, stabilised reference points are needed from which control points on the object or its surroundings could be measured. Reference points are most commonly stabilised with reinforced concrete pillars; however, they are not always constructed in an appropriate manner. The influence of temperature variation within a pillar on the position of the fixed screw for forced centring is not negligible and should be considered when performing precise measurements. In this research paper, the displacement of a pillar was calculated as a result of the temperature changes in the pillar, and then an experiment was performed in which the pillar was heated from one side, and the horizontal displacement of the fixed screw for forced centring was measured. Both, calculations and measurements, show that at a temperature difference of 16.2 \u00b0C, the fixed screw on a 1.5 m high pillar moves by approximately 1 mm, which is a displacement that should be taken into account in precise measurements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19163489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,9]],"date-time":"2019-08-09T11:11:31Z","timestamp":1565349091000},"page":"3489","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Investigation of the Precision in Geodetic Reference-Point Positioning Because of Temperature-Induced Pillar Deflections"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Robert","family":"Mo\u010dnik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mariborski vodovod d.d., Jadranska cesta 24, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo\u017eo","family":"Koler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Jamova 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dejan","family":"Zupan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Jamova 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7652-0174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toma\u017e","family":"Ambro\u017ei\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Jamova 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"288","article-title":"New methods of Precision Stabilization of Geodetic Points for Displacement Observation","volume":"111","author":"Kogoj","year":"2004","journal-title":"AVN Allg. Vermess. Nachr."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Lidberg, M., and Lilje, M. (2007). Evaluation of Monument Stability in the SWEPOS GNSS Network Using Terrestrial Geodetic Methods-up to 2003, Reports in Geodesy and Geographical Information Systems, LMV-Rapport 2007: 10."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Lehner, W.M. (2011). Evaluation of Environmental Stresses on GNSS-Monuments. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Chalmers University of Technology]."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-32998-2_8","article-title":"Evaluation of GNSS Monument Stability","volume":"Volume 138","author":"Altamimi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Reference Frames for Applications in Geosciences, International Association of Geodesy Symposia"},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Gerhatova, L., Hefty, J., Papco, J., and Minarikova, M. (2015, January 3\u20135). Displacements of GNSS Antenna Position Due to Thermal Bending of Pillar Monument. Proceedings of the EUREF Symposium 2015, Leipzig, Germany."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"67","article-title":"Short-Term and Long-Term Variability of Antenna Position Due to Thermal Bending of Pillar Monument at Permanent GNSS Station","volume":"100","author":"Gerhatova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rep. Geod. Geoinform."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Kop\u00e1\u010dik, A., Kyrinovi\u010d, P., Lipt\u00e1k, I., and Erd\u00e9ly, J. (2011, January 18\u201322). Automated Monitoring of the Danube Bridge Apollo in Bratislava. Proceedings of the FIG Working Week 2011, Marrakech, Morocco."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Lipt\u00e1k, I. (2011, January 22\u201324). Analysis of Bridge Structure Deformation Measured by Total Station. 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Available online: https:\/\/www.novotechnik.com\/pdfs\/TRTRS.pdf."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Dellinger, T.H., and Poursaee, A. (2016). Characterization of Portland Cement Concrete Coefficient of Thermal Expansion in South Carolina, Clemson University. Report No.: FHWA-SC-17-03, In Submitted to the South Carolina Department of Transportation; ERMCO: Guidance to the Engineering Properties of Concrete."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/19\/16\/3489\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:09:52Z","timestamp":1760188192000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/19\/16\/3489"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,9]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}},"alternative-id":["s19163489"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s19163489","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,9]]}}}