{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:43:35Z","timestamp":1760240615421,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,10]],"date-time":"2019-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61371160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61371160"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LY18F010007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LY18F010007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In an integrating sphere multispectral imaging system, measurement inconsistency can arise when acquiring the spectral reflectances of samples. This is because the lighting condition can be changed by the measured samples, due to the multiple light reflections inside the integrating sphere. Besides, owing to non-uniform light transmission of the lens and narrow-band filters, the measured reflectance is spatially dependent. To deal with these problems, we propose a correction method that consists of two stages. The first stage employs a white board to correct non-uniformity and a small white patch to correct lighting deviation, both under the assumption of ideal Lambertian reflection. The second stage uses a polynomial regression model to further remove the lighting inconsistency when measuring non-Lambertian samples. The method is evaluated on image data acquired in a real multispectral imaging system. Experimental results illustrate that our method eliminates the measurement inconsistency considerably. This consequently improves the spectral and colorimetric accuracy in color measurement, which is crucial to practical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19163501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,12]],"date-time":"2019-08-12T06:38:02Z","timestamp":1565591882000},"page":"3501","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Lighting Deviation Correction for Integrating-Sphere Multispectral Imaging Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Zhe","family":"Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui-Liang","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shijian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunfang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John H.","family":"Xin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1002\/col.5080110406","article-title":"Correction methods for integrating sphere measurement of hemispherical reflectance","volume":"11","author":"Clarke","year":"1986","journal-title":"Color Res. 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