{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:42:37Z","timestamp":1760240557383,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,10]],"date-time":"2019-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41801365"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41801365"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan","award":["CUGGC05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUGGC05"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province, China","award":["2019CFB158"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019CFB158"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Motivated by the fact that the danger may increase if the source of pollution problem remains unknown, in this paper, we study the source sensing problem for subdiffusion processes governed by time fractional diffusion systems based on a limited number of sensor measurements. For this, we first give some preliminary notions such as source, detection and regional spy sensors, etc. Secondly, we investigate the characterizations of regional strategic sensors and regional spy sensors. A regional detection approach on how to solve the source sensing problem of the considered system is then presented by using the Hilbert uniqueness method (HUM). This is to identify the unknown source only in a subregion of the whole domain, which is easier to be implemented and could save a lot of energy resources. Numerical examples are finally included to test our results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19163504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,12]],"date-time":"2019-08-12T06:38:02Z","timestamp":1565591882000},"page":"3504","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Subdiffusive Source Sensing by a Regional Detection Method"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Weijing","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}]},{"given":"Fudong","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7422-5988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"YangQuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering (MESA-Lab), University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-08746-9","article-title":"Water sub-diffusion in membranes for fuel cells","volume":"7","author":"Berrod","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. 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