{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T12:44:03Z","timestamp":1768826643472,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]],"date-time":"2019-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The National Program \u201cImprovement of safety and working conditions\u201d partly supported in Poland in 2017\u20132019 \u2014 within the scope of research and development \u2014 by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education\/National Centre for Research and Development.","award":["task II.N.19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["task II.N.19"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to model the absorption in the head of an electromagnetic field (EMF) emitted by a radiofrequency identification reader operating at a frequency of 13.56 MHz (recognized as an RFID HF reader), with respect to the direct biophysical effects evaluated by the specific absorption rate (SAR), averaged over the entire head or locally, over any 10 g of tissues. The exposure effects were compared between the head of a user of a hearing implant with an acoustic sensor and a person without such an implant, used as a referenced case. The RFID HF reader, such as is used in shops or libraries, was modeled as a loop antenna (35 \u00d7 35 cm). SAR was calculated in a multi-layer ellipsoidal model of the head\u2014with or without models of hearing implants of two types: Bonebridge (MED-EL, Austria) or bone anchored hearing aid attract (BAHA) (Cochlear, Sweden). Relative SAR values were calculated as the ratio between the SAR in the head of the implant user and the non-user. It was found that the use of BAHA hearing implants increased the effects of 13.56 MHz EMF exposure in the head in comparison to non-user\u2014up to 2.1 times higher localized SAR in the worst case exposure scenario, and it is statistically significant higher than when Bonebridge implants are used (Kruscal\u2013Wallis test with Bonferroni correction, p &lt; 0.017). The evaluation of EMF exposure from an RFID reader with respect to limits established for the implant non-user population may be insufficient to protect an implant user when exposure approaches these limits, but the significant difference between exposure effects in users of various types of implants need to be considered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19173724","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]],"date-time":"2019-08-28T11:23:18Z","timestamp":1566991398000},"page":"3724","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Electromagnetic Energy Absorption in a Head Approaching a Radiofrequency Identification (RFID) Reader Operating at 13.56 MHz in Users of Hearing Implants Versus Non-Users"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8094-0761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patryk","family":"Zradzi\u0144ski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Electromagnetic Hazards, Central Institute for Labour Protection\u2014National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB), Czerniakowska 16, 00-701 Warszawa, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2547-2728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jolanta","family":"Karpowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Electromagnetic Hazards, Central Institute for Labour Protection\u2014National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB), Czerniakowska 16, 00-701 Warszawa, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5655-2187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Gryz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Electromagnetic Hazards, Central Institute for Labour Protection\u2014National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB), Czerniakowska 16, 00-701 Warszawa, Poland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1080\/09553002.2018.1454619","article-title":"Evaluation of the inter-person variability of hazards to the users of BAHA hearing implants caused by exposure to a low frequency magnetic field","volume":"94","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. 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Health"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/19\/17\/3724\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:14:39Z","timestamp":1760188479000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/19\/17\/3724"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}},"alternative-id":["s19173724"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s19173724","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]]}}}