{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T15:31:15Z","timestamp":1772811075212,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,31]],"date-time":"2019-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018R1A2B6001400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018R1A2B6001400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007053","name":"Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20174030201740"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20174030201740"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent studies indicate that individuals can be identified by their gait pattern. A number of sensors including vision, acceleration, and pressure have been used to capture humans\u2019 gait patterns, and a number of methods have been developed to recognize individuals from their gait pattern data. This study proposes a novel method of identifying individuals using null-space linear discriminant analysis on humans\u2019 gait pattern data. The gait pattern data consists of time series pressure and acceleration data measured from multi-modal sensors in a smart insole used while walking. We compare the identification accuracies from three sensing modalities, which are acceleration, pressure, and both in combination. Experimental results show that the proposed multi-modal features identify 14 participants with high accuracy over 95% from their gait pattern data of walking.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19173785","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,2]],"date-time":"2019-09-02T03:16:12Z","timestamp":1567394172000},"page":"3785","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["User Identification from Gait Analysis Using Multi-Modal Sensors in Smart Insole"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Sang-Il","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin 16890, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2885-0627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jucheol","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering and Computer Science, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hee-Chan","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin 16890, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2074-1733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang Tae","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06984, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-016-1096-4","article-title":"Gait disorders in adults and the elderly","volume":"129","author":"Pirker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wien. 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