{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T15:29:22Z","timestamp":1774538962168,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]],"date-time":"2019-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A body pressure relief system was newly developed with optical pressure sensors for pressure ulcer prevention. Unlike a conventional alternating pressure air mattress (APAM), this system automatically regulates air flow into a body supporting mattress with adaptive inflation (or deflation) duration in response to the pressure level in order to reduce skin stress due to prolonged high pressures. The system continuously quantifies the body pressure distribution using time-of-flight (ToF) optical sensors. The proposed pressure sensor, a ToF optical sensor in the air-filled cell, measures changes in surface height of mattress when pressed under body weight, thereby indirectly indicating the interface pressure. Non-contact measurement of optical sensor usually improves the durability and repeatability of the system. The pressure sensor was successfully identified the 4 different-predefined postures, and quantitatively measured the body pressure distribution of them. Duty cycle of switches in solenoid valves was adjusted to 0\u201350% for pressure relief, which shows that the interface pressure was lower than 32 mmHg for pressure ulcer prevention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19183862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]],"date-time":"2019-09-09T03:14:41Z","timestamp":1567998881000},"page":"3862","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Active Body Pressure Relief System with Time-of-Flight Optical Pressure Sensors for Pressure Ulcer Prevention"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Kang-Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Daegu Research Center for Medical Devices, Korea institute of Machinery and Materials, Daegu 42994, Korea"}]},{"given":"Yeong-Eun","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Daegu Research Center for Medical Devices, Korea institute of Machinery and Materials, Daegu 42994, Korea"},{"name":"School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea"}]},{"given":"Hyukjin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Daegu Research Center for Medical Devices, Korea institute of Machinery and Materials, Daegu 42994, Korea"}]},{"given":"Yongkoo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Daegu Research Center for Medical Devices, Korea institute of Machinery and Materials, Daegu 42994, Korea"}]},{"given":"Joonho","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Daegu Research Center for Medical Devices, Korea institute of Machinery and Materials, Daegu 42994, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9830-9943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ohwon","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Daegu Research Center for Medical Devices, Korea institute of Machinery and Materials, Daegu 42994, Korea"}]},{"given":"Shin-Won","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea"}]},{"given":"Dongkyu","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Daegu Research Center for Medical Devices, Korea institute of Machinery and Materials, Daegu 42994, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-481X.2011.00814.x","article-title":"Prevention of pressure ulcer: Interaction of body characteristics and different mattresses","volume":"8","author":"Moysidis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. 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