{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T12:29:29Z","timestamp":1766492969460,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,10]],"date-time":"2019-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant No. HI17C1275"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant No. HI17C1275"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Food intolerance is delayed adverse food reactions which follow consumption of specific foods. The underlying mechanisms are not well understood, but food intolerance is often considered as a type 2 hypersensitivity reaction mediated by immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody. To understand the causes of food intolerance, it is important to investigate sensitization patterns of food-specific IgGs (sIgG) in relation to dietary patterns and physical conditions. Conventional approaches to measure serological IgGs often require large volumes of serum, thus are not suitable for highly multiplexed assays. To overcome this impracticality, we developed a highly sensitive method to screen the sIgGs and other antibody isotypes against 66 antigens with minimal amount of serums. We prepared a microarray by immobilizing food antigens on activated glass slides. Human sera and their dietary information were obtained from 30 subjects. Aliquots (200 nl) of sera were analyzed against 66 food antigens in parallel. sIgG levels were determined and analyzed in relation to subjects\u2019 dietary patterns. The levels of antibody isotypes were also examined to understand the relationship between allergy and food intolerance. The developed microarray showed exceptional performances in antibody screening and demonstrated the potential to be used as an automated assay system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19183893","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,10]],"date-time":"2019-09-10T10:52:26Z","timestamp":1568112746000},"page":"3893","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Fabrication of Microarrays for the Analysis of Serological Antibody Isotypes against Food Antigens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Jeahee","family":"Ryu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea"}]},{"given":"Soyoun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2247-3194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaeseung","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8331-3448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daeun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea"}]},{"given":"Narae","family":"Keum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Korea"}]},{"given":"Wonhee","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea"}]},{"given":"Hyosang","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6568-6010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youngeun","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.1977.hed1704163.x","article-title":"Immunoglobulin and Complement Studies in Migraine","volume":"17","author":"Lord","year":"1977","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20048","article-title":"Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome in outpatients with inflammatory bowel disease using a food and beverage intolerance, food and beverage avoidance diet","volume":"13","author":"MacDermott","year":"2007","journal-title":"Inflamm. 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