{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T18:08:26Z","timestamp":1777486106889,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,10]],"date-time":"2019-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017YFB0504202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFB0504202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41622107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41622107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Special Projects for Technological Innovation in Hubei","award":["2018ABA078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018ABA078"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of the Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Spatial Data Mining and Information Sharing","award":["2018LSDMIS05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018LSDMIS05"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of the Key Laboratory of Agricultural Remote Sensing of the Ministry of Agriculture","award":["20170007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20170007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, in order to solve the difficulty of the inversion of soil arsenic (As) content using laboratory and field reflectance spectroscopy, we examined the transferability of the prediction method. Sixty-three soil samples from the Daye city area of the Jianghan Plain region of China were taken and studied in this research. The characteristic wavelengths of soil As content were then extracted from the full bands based on iteratively retaining informative variables (IRIV) coupled with Spearman\u2019s rank correlation analysis (SCA). Firstly, the IRIV algorithm was used to roughly select the original spectral data. Gaussian filtering (GF), first derivative (FD) filtering, and gaussian filtering again (GFA) pretreatments were then used to improve the correlation between the spectra and soil As content. A subset with absolute correlation values greater than 0.6 was then retained as the optimal subset after each pretreatment. Finally, partial least squares regression (PLSR), Bayesian ridge regression (BRR), ridge regression (RR), kernel ridge regression (KRR), support vector machine regression (SVMR), eXtreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) regression, and random forest regression (RFR) models were used to estimate the soil As values using the different characteristic variables. The results showed that, compared with the traditional method based on IRIV, using the characteristic bands selected by the IRIV-SCA method can effectively improve the prediction accuracy of the models. For the laboratory spectra experiment stage, the six most representative characteristic bands were selected. The performance of IRIV-SCA-SVMR was found to be the best, with the coefficient of determination (R2), root-mean-square error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE) in the validation set being 0.97, 0.22, and 0.11, respectively. For the field spectra experiment stage, the 12 most representative characteristic bands were selected. The performance of IRIV-SCA-XGBoost was found to be the best, with the R2, RMSE, and MAE in the validation set being 0.83, 0.35, and 0.29, respectively. The accuracy and stability of the inversion of soil As content are significantly improved by the use of the proposed method, and the method could be used to provide accurate data for decision support for the treatment and recovery of As pollution over a large area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19183904","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,10]],"date-time":"2019-09-10T10:52:26Z","timestamp":1568112746000},"page":"3904","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Estimation of Arsenic Content in Soil Based on Laboratory and Field Reflectance Spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Lifei","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China"},{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziran","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Can","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liqin","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9079","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-016-6756-4","article-title":"Monitoring and assessment of heavy metal contamination in a constructed wetland in Shaoguan (Guangdong Province, China): Bioaccumulation of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd in aquatic and terrestrial components","volume":"24","author":"Leung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. 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