{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T22:18:41Z","timestamp":1778797121867,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,11]],"date-time":"2019-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, we propose a bi-directional loop antenna array using magic cube origami. The proposed antenna array consists of three one-wavelength loop antenna elements with series feeding. Each loop antenna is realized on a single magic cube, and three cubes are connected in series to form the array. The three cubes can be easily folded and unfolded due to being constructed in the form of a magic cube origami. Antenna volume can be minimized for high mobility by folding the array, which radiates a bi-directional pattern with full volume when unfolded. The proposed antenna was designed at 1.39 GHz. When the single antenna is realized on the single cube, the peak gain is 4.03 dBi. The peak gain increased to 5.2 and 5.53 dBi with two and three antennas, respectively. Half-power beam width (HPBW) with three antenna elements decreased to 40\u00b0 from 360\u00b0 compared to the HPBW with the single antenna. The proposed antenna performance was assessed numerically and experimentally.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19183911","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,11]],"date-time":"2019-09-11T11:26:34Z","timestamp":1568201194000},"page":"3911","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Bi-Directional Loop Antenna Array Using Magic Cube Origami"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6562-7611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yeonju","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manos M.","family":"Tentzeris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5049-9300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sungjoon","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.5515\/JKIEES.2017.17.1.14","article-title":"Planar Directional Beam Antenna Design for Beam Switching System Applications","volume":"17","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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