{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T20:03:09Z","timestamp":1769457789208,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]],"date-time":"2019-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010882","name":"Tianjin Municipal Education Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017KJ103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017KJ103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010882","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"independent special fund from China aviation engine corporation","award":["ZZCX-2018-048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZZCX-2018-048"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, a novel method is proposed to enhance the accuracy of fault diagnosis for rolling bearings. First, an enhanced complementary empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (ECEEMDAN) method is proposed by determining two critical parameters, namely the amplitude of added white noise (AAWN) and the ensemble trails (ET). By introducing the concept of decomposition level, the optimal AAWN can be determined by judging the mutation of mutual information (MI) between adjacent intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). Furthermore, the ET is fixed at two to reduce the computational cost. This method can avoid disturbance of the spurious mode in the signal decomposition and increase computational speed. Enhanced CEEMDAN demonstrates a more significant improvement than that of the traditional CEEMDAN. Vibration signals can be decomposed into a set of IMFs using enhanced CEEMDAN. Some IMFs, which are named intrinsic information modes (IIMs), effectively reflect the vibration characteristic. The evaluated comprehensive factor (CF), which combines the shape, crest and impulse factors, as well as the kurtosis, skewness, and latitude factor, is developed to identify the IIM. CF can retain the advantage of a single factor and make up corresponding drawbacks. Experiment results, especially for the extraction of bearing fault under variable speed, illustrate the superiority of the proposed method for the fault diagnosis of rolling bearings over other methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19184047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]],"date-time":"2019-09-19T11:02:01Z","timestamp":1568890921000},"page":"4047","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Fault Feature Extraction and Diagnosis of Rolling Bearings Based on Enhanced Complementary Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise and Statistical Time-Domain Features"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7262-4598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liwei","family":"Zhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aero Engine Corporation of China Harbin Bearing Co., LTD, Harbin 150500, China"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aero Engine Corporation of China Harbin Bearing Co., LTD, Harbin 150500, China"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aero Engine Corporation of China Harbin Bearing Co., LTD, Harbin 150500, China"}]},{"given":"Chengwei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}]},{"given":"Zhenghui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aero Engine Corporation of China Harbin Bearing Co., LTD, Harbin 150500, China"}]},{"given":"Tingjian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin 300222, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymssp.2018.10.035","article-title":"Bearing fault detection and fault size estimation using fiber-optic sensors","volume":"120","author":"Alian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mech. 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