{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T17:53:42Z","timestamp":1783619622617,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,20]],"date-time":"2019-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004739","name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61505203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61505203"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Night-light remote sensing imaging technologies have increasingly attracted attention with the development and application of focal plane arrays. On-orbit signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) test is an important link to evaluate night-light camera\u2019s radiometric performance and the premise for quantitative application of remote sensing imageries. Under night-light illumination conditions, the illuminance of ground objects is very low and varies dramatically, the spatial uniformity of each pixel\u2019s output cannot be guaranteed, and thus the traditional on-orbit test methods represented by variance method are unsuitable for low-resolution night-light cameras. To solve this problem, we proposed an effective on-orbit SNR test method based on consecutive time-sequence images that including the same objects. We analyzed the radiative transfer process between night-light camera and objects, and established a theoretical SNR model based on analysis of the generation and main sources of signal electrons and noise electrons. Finally, we took Luojia 1-01 satellite, the world\u2019s first professional night-light remote sensing satellite, as reference and calculated the theoretical SNR and actual on-orbit SNR using consecutive images captured by Luojia 1-01 satellite. The actual results show the similar characteristics as theoretical results, and are higher than the theoretical results within the reasonable error tolerance, which fully guarantee the detection ability of night-light camera and verify the validity of this time-sequence-based method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19194077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,20]],"date-time":"2019-09-20T10:48:14Z","timestamp":1568976494000},"page":"4077","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["On-Orbit Signal-to-Noise Ratio Test Method for Night-Light Camera in Luojia 1-01 Satellite Based on Time-Sequence Imagery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"},{"name":"College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Chang Guang Satellite Technology Co., LTD, Changchun 130102, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8819-4687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xing","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"},{"name":"College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Chang Guang Satellite Technology Co., LTD, Changchun 130102, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chang Guang Satellite Technology Co., LTD, Changchun 130102, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, K., Qi, K., Guan, Q., Wu, C., Yu, J., Qing, Y., Zheng, J., Wu, H., and Li, X. 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