{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]],"date-time":"2026-07-19T00:02:53Z","timestamp":1784419373020,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,21]],"date-time":"2019-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010198","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CGL2016-77688-R AEI\/FEDER, UE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CGL2016-77688-R AEI\/FEDER, UE"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010198","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010198","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CGL2015.65602-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CGL2015.65602-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010198","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003359","name":"Generalitat Valenciana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AICO\/2016\/098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AICO\/2016\/098"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The characterization of soil is essential for the evaluation of seismic hazard, because soil properties strongly influence the damage caused by earthquakes. Methods based on seismic noise are the most commonly used in soil characterization. Concretely, methods based on seismic noise array measurements allow for the estimation of Rayleigh wave dispersion curves and, subsequently, shear-wave velocity profiles. The equipment required for the application of this technique is usually very expensive, which could be a significant economic challenge for small research groups. In this work, we have developed a wireless multichannel seismic noise recorder system (Geophonino-W), which is suitable for array measurements. Each station includes a microcontroller board (Arduino), a conditioning circuit, an Xbee module, an SD card, and a GPS module. Several laboratory tests were carried out in order to study the performance of the Geophonino-W: A frequency response test (impulse response and noise); synchronization test; and battery duration test. Comparisons of Geophonino-W with the commercial systems and field measurements were also carried out. The estimated dispersion curves obtained using the proposed system were compared with the ones obtained using other commercial equipment, demonstrating the effectiveness of Geophonino-W for seismic noise array measurements. Geophonino-W is an economic open-source and hardware system that is available to any small research group or university.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19194087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,23]],"date-time":"2019-09-23T03:26:32Z","timestamp":1569209192000},"page":"4087","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Geophonino-W: A Wireless Multichannel Seismic Noise Recorder System for Array Measurements"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4540-8790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Luis","family":"Soler-Llorens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, University of Alicante, Crta. San Vicente del Raspeig, s\/n, 03080 Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0818-2836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Jos\u00e9","family":"Galiana-Merino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Systems Engineering and Signal Theory, University of Alicante, Crta. San Vicente del Raspeig, s\/n, 03080 Alicante, Spain"},{"name":"University Institute of Physics Applied to Sciences and Technologies, University of Alicante, Crta. San Vicente del Raspeig, s\/n, 03080 Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Juan","family":"Giner-Caturla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, University of Alicante, Crta. San Vicente del Raspeig, s\/n, 03080 Alicante, Spain"},{"name":"University Institute of Physics Applied to Sciences and Technologies, University of Alicante, Crta. San Vicente del Raspeig, s\/n, 03080 Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Rosa-Cintas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Institute of Physics Applied to Sciences and Technologies, University of Alicante, Crta. San Vicente del Raspeig, s\/n, 03080 Alicante, Spain"},{"name":"Department of General Didactics and Specific Didactics (Faculty of Education), University of Alicante, Crta. San Vicente del Raspeig, s\/n, 03080 Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boualem Youcef","family":"Nassim-Benabdeloued","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Systems Engineering and Signal Theory, University of Alicante, Crta. San Vicente del Raspeig, s\/n, 03080 Alicante, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Fluid Mechanics, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, C. Jordi Girona, 31, 08034 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-014-1283-4","article-title":"Soft sediments and damage pattern: A few case studies from large Indian earthquakes vis-a-vis seismic risk evaluation","volume":"74","author":"Verma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Hazards"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s10518-010-9202-x","article-title":"The role of alternating outcrops of sediments and basaltic lavas on seismic urban scenario: The study case of Catania, Italy","volume":"9","author":"Panzera","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bull. Earthq. 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