{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T20:47:27Z","timestamp":1782247647053,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]],"date-time":"2019-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000893","name":"Simons Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["549947"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["549947"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000893","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We present a model that estimates the spectral phytoplankton absorption coefficient (     a  p h    ( \u03bb )     ) of four phytoplankton groups (picophytoplankton, nanophytoplankton, dinoflagellates, and diatoms) as a function of the total chlorophyll-a concentration (C) and sea surface temperature (SST). Concurrent data on      a  p h    ( \u03bb )      (at 12 visible wavelengths), C and SST, from the surface layer (&lt;20 m depth) of the North Atlantic Ocean, were partitioned into training and independent validation data, the validation data being matched with satellite ocean-colour observations. Model parameters (the chlorophyll-specific phytoplankton absorption coefficients of the four groups) were tuned using the training data and found to compare favourably (in magnitude and shape) with results of earlier studies. Using the independent validation data, the new model was found to retrieve total      a  p h    ( \u03bb )      with a similar performance to two earlier models, using either in situ or satellite data as input. Although more complex, the new model has the advantage of being able to determine      a  p h    ( \u03bb )      for four phytoplankton groups and of incorporating the influence of SST on the composition of the four groups. We integrate the new four-population absorption model into a simple model of ocean colour, to illustrate the influence of changes in SST on phytoplankton community structure, and consequently, the blue-to-green ratio of remote-sensing reflectance. We also present a method of propagating error through the model and illustrate the technique by mapping errors in group-specific      a  p h    ( \u03bb )      using a satellite image. We envisage the model will be useful for ecosystem model validation and assimilation exercises and for investigating the influence of temperature change on ocean colour.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19194182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,27]],"date-time":"2019-09-27T03:03:15Z","timestamp":1569553395000},"page":"4182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["The Influence of Temperature and Community Structure on Light Absorption by Phytoplankton in the North Atlantic"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5134-8291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert J. W.","family":"Brewin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK"},{"name":"Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, Devon PL1 3DH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Ciavatta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, Devon PL1 3DH, UK"},{"name":"National Centre for Earth Observation, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, Devon PL1 3DH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3586-192X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shubha","family":"Sathyendranath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, Devon PL1 3DH, UK"},{"name":"National Centre for Earth Observation, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, Devon PL1 3DH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jozef","family":"Sk\u00e1kala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, Devon PL1 3DH, UK"},{"name":"National Centre for Earth Observation, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, Devon PL1 3DH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorn","family":"Bruggeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, Devon PL1 3DH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3484-7619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Met Office, Exeter, Devon EX1 3PB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trevor","family":"Platt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, Devon PL1 3DH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1038\/349054a0","article-title":"Biological control of surface temperature in the Arabian Sea","volume":"349","author":"Sathyendranath","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"5","article-title":"Spectral effects in bio-optical control on the ocean system","volume":"49","author":"Sathyendranath","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oceanologia"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"1","article-title":"A theoretical analysis of the contribution of algal cells to the attenuation of light within waters, I, General treatment of suspensions of living cells","volume":"75","author":"Kirk","year":"1975","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/0146-6291(78)90623-9","article-title":"Available, usable, and stored radiant energy in relation to marine photosynthesis","volume":"25","author":"Morel","year":"1978","journal-title":"Deep Sea Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10749","DOI":"10.1029\/JC093iC09p10749","article-title":"Optical modelling of the upper ocean in relation to its biogenous matter content (case I waters)","volume":"93","author":"Morel","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. 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