{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T23:13:36Z","timestamp":1774998816322,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,30]],"date-time":"2019-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant No. 2018M643683"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant No. 2018M643683"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"China Mobile Joint Research Fund Program","award":["Grant No. MCM20160302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant No. MCM20160302"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant No. 91746111, 71702143, 71731009, 71732006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant No. 91746111, 71702143, 71731009, 71732006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Underwater Acoustic Network (UAN) is an emerging technology with attractive applications. In such type of networks, the control-overhead, redundant inner-network transmissions management, and data-similarity are still very challenging. The cluster-based frameworks manage the control-overhead and redundant inner-network transmissions persuasively. However, the current clustering protocols consume a big part of their energy resources in data-similarity as these protocols periodically sense and forward the same information. In this paper, we introduce a novel two-level Redundant Transmission Control (RTC) approach that ensures the data-similarity using some statistical tests with an appropriate degree of confidence. Later, the Cluster Head (CH) and the Region Head (RH) remove the data-similarity from the original data before forwarding it to the next level. We also introduce a new spatiotemporal and dynamic CH role rotation technique which is capable to adjust the drifted field nodes because of water current movements. The beauty of the proposed model is that the RH controls the communications and redundant transmission between the CH and Mobile Sink (MS), while the CH controls the redundant inner-network transmissions and data-similarity between the cluster members. We conduct simulations to evaluate the performance of our designed framework under different criteria such as average end-to-end delay, the packet delivery ratio, and energy consumption of the network with respect to the recent schemes. The presented results reveal that the proposed model outperforms the current approaches in terms of the selected metrics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19194241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,30]],"date-time":"2019-09-30T05:58:33Z","timestamp":1569823113000},"page":"4241","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["An Energy-Efficient Redundant Transmission Control Clustering Approach for Underwater Acoustic Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2911-1981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gulnaz","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mian Muhammad Sadiq","family":"Fareed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Zeeshan","family":"Fareed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"384","article-title":"Implementing a reliable, fault tolerance and secure framework in the wireless sensor-actuator net works for events reporting","volume":"Volume 73","author":"Karimi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Procedia Computer Science, Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Wireless Information and Communication Technologies (AWICT 2015)"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeue.2016.01.004","article-title":"Impulsive noise rejection for ZigBee communication systems using error-balanced wavelet filtering","volume":"70","author":"Jia","year":"2016","journal-title":"AEU-Int. 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