{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T16:26:36Z","timestamp":1777566396138,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,4]],"date-time":"2019-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51877008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51877008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Intrabody communication (IBC) has drawn extensive attention in the field of ubiquitous healthcare, entertainment, and more. Until now, most studies on the modeling and characterization of capacitive coupling IBC have been conducted in open space, while influences when using metallic-enclosed environments such as a car, airplane, or elevator have not yet been considered. In this paper, we aimed to systematically investigate the grounding effect of an enclosed metal wall of a vehicle on the transmission path loss, utilizing the finite element method (FEM) to model capacitive coupling IBC in an in-vehicle scenario. The results of a simulation and experimental validation indicated that the system gain in an in-vehicle scenario increased up to 7 dB compared to in open space. The modeling and characterization achieved in this paper of capacitive coupling IBC could facilitate an intrabody sensor design and an evaluation with great flexibility to meet the performance needs of an in-vehicle use scenario.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19194305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,4]],"date-time":"2019-10-04T10:54:58Z","timestamp":1570186498000},"page":"4305","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Modeling and Characterization of Capacitive Coupling Intrabody Communication in an In-Vehicle Scenario"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0479-339X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuan","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhonghua","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shize","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yinlin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"2081902","article-title":"Wireless sensor networks formation: Approaches and techniques","volume":"2016","author":"Siller","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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