{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T16:57:04Z","timestamp":1774285024534,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,4]],"date-time":"2019-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The current industrial scenario demands advances that depend on expensive and sophisticated solutions. Augmented Reality (AR) can complement, with virtual elements, the real world. Faced with this features, an AR experience can meet the demand for prototype testing and new solutions, predicting problems and failures that may only exist in real situations. This work presents an environment for experimentation of advanced behaviors in smart factories, allowing experimentation with multi-robot systems (MRS), interconnected, cooperative, and interacting with virtual elements. The concept of ARENA introduces a novel approach to realistic and immersive experimentation in industrial environments, aiming to evaluate new technologies aligned with the Industry 4.0. The proposed method consists of a small-scale warehouse, inspired in a real scenario characterized in this paper, managing by a group of autonomous forklifts, fully interconnected, which are embodied by a swarm of tiny robots developed and prepared to operate in the small scale scenario. The AR is employed to enhance the capabilities of swarm robots, allowing box handling and virtual forklifts. Virtual laser range finders (LRF) are specially designed as segmentation of a global RGB-D camera, to improve robot perception, allowing obstacle avoidance and environment mapping. This infrastructure enables the evaluation of new strategies to improve manufacturing productivity, without compromising the production by automation faults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19194308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,4]],"date-time":"2019-10-04T10:54:58Z","timestamp":1570186498000},"page":"4308","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["ARENA\u2014Augmented Reality to Enhanced Experimentation in Smart Warehouses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1627-8210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Piardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre in Digitalization and Intelligent Robotics (CeDRI), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a (IPB), Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Graduate School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (CPGEI), Universidade Tecnol\u00f3gica Federal do Paran\u00e1 (UTFPR), Avenida 7 de Setembro 3165, 80230-901 Curitiba, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9733-7352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vivian Cremer","family":"Kalempa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (CPGEI), Universidade Tecnol\u00f3gica Federal do Paran\u00e1 (UTFPR), Avenida 7 de Setembro 3165, 80230-901 Curitiba, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"},{"name":"Centro de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o do Planalto Norte (CEPLAN), Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Rua Luiz Fernando Hastreiter 180, 89283-081 S\u00e3o Bento do Sul, Santa Catarina, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0711-5786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo","family":"Limeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (CPGEI), Universidade Tecnol\u00f3gica Federal do Paran\u00e1 (UTFPR), Avenida 7 de Setembro 3165, 80230-901 Curitiba, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8295-366X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 Schneider","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (CPGEI), Universidade Tecnol\u00f3gica Federal do Paran\u00e1 (UTFPR), Avenida 7 de Setembro 3165, 80230-901 Curitiba, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2151-7944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"Leit\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre in Digitalization and Intelligent Robotics (CeDRI), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a (IPB), Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Kagermann, H., Wahlster, W., and Helbig, J. 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