{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T04:46:38Z","timestamp":1771562798160,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,9]],"date-time":"2019-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017A030310308"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017A030310308"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017YFC0110200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFC0110200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Scientific Instrument Innovation Team of Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["GJJSTD20180002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJJSTD20180002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Immunoassays have been widely used in scientific research and clinical diagnosis due to their versatile detection capability and high specificity. Immunoagglutination assays are kinds of immunoassay, which can simply and rapidly measure the concentration of analytes. In this work, we developed a low-cost micro-volume nephelometric system for quantitative immunoagglutination assays. We used off-the-shelf components to build the system, and the total cost of key components is only about 20 US dollars. The total detection volume in our system was as low as 3 \u00b5L, which could significantly reduce the reagent cost and required sample volume. We further evaluated the system performance via the immunoagglutination assay to measure the concentration of C-reactive protein, a plasma protein with levels rising in response to inflammation. The results demonstrated that our system could measure the concentration of analytes with relatively high sensitivity and precision within four minutes, and has high potential to be applied for clinical diagnostic tests.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19204359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,9]],"date-time":"2019-10-09T11:25:57Z","timestamp":1570620357000},"page":"4359","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Low-Cost Micro-Volume Nephelometric System for Quantitative Immunoagglutination Assays"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Qiqi","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China"},{"name":"Edan Instruments, Inc., Shenzhen 518067, China"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edan Instruments, Inc., Shenzhen 518067, China"}]},{"given":"Dongxuan","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edan Instruments, Inc., Shenzhen 518067, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.59566\/IJBS.2006.2217","article-title":"Immunoassay methods and their applications in pharmaceutical analysis: Basic methodology and recent advances","volume":"2","author":"Darwish","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. 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