{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T16:56:36Z","timestamp":1772816196925,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,17]],"date-time":"2019-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016R1A5A1012966"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016R1A5A1012966"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017R1A2B4006982"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017R1A2B4006982"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18ZB1800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18ZB1800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016M3A7B4909668"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016M3A7B4909668"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Korea Health Technology R&amp;D Project","award":["HI15C2917"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI15C2917"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rather than the internal genome nucleic acids, the biomolecules on the surface of the influenza virus itself should be detected for a more exact and rapid point-of-care yes\/no decision for influenza virus-induced infectious diseases. This work demonstrates the ultrasensitive electrical detection of the HA1 domain of hemagglutinin (HA), a representative viral surface protein of the influenza virus, using the top-down complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) processed silicon nanowire (SiNW) field-effect transistor (FET) configuration. Cytidine-5\u2032-monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-NANA) was employed as a probe that specifically binds both to the aldehyde self-aligned monolayer on the SiNWs and to HA1 simultaneously. CMP-NANA was serially combined with two kinds of linkers, namely 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and glutaraldehyde. The surface functionalization used was verified using the purification of glutathione S-transferase-tagged HA1, contact angle measurement, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test, and isoelectric focusing analysis. The proposed functionalized SiNW FET showed high sensitivities of the threshold voltage shift (\u0394VT) ~51 mV\/pH and the \u0394VT = 112 mV (63 mV\/decade) with an ultralow detectable range of 1 fM of target protein HA1.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19204502","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,17]],"date-time":"2019-10-17T11:07:59Z","timestamp":1571310479000},"page":"4502","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Ultrasensitive Electrical Detection of Hemagglutinin for Point-of-Care Detection of Influenza Virus Based on a CMP-NANA Probe and Top-Down Processed Silicon Nanowire Field-Effect Transistors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Mihee","family":"Uhm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin-Moo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Applied Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jieun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jung Han","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3968-066X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sungju","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Byung-Gook","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong Myong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung-Jin","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyun-Sun","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4735-0556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong-Joo","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Applied Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2567-4012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dae Hwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Committee, E., Committee, T., and Zealand, N. 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