{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:48:10Z","timestamp":1760240890685,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,17]],"date-time":"2019-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To satisfy the service requirements of high accuracy and efficient life detection and location for search and rescue (SAR) missions after a disaster, we developed a passive positioning method to locate mobile phones by capturing the random access preamble, which can be applied to fourth-generation (4G) and even fifth-generation (5G) communication systems. We analyzed the characteristics of the random access procedure of a communication system and established a way to detect mobile phones by combining the time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) estimation to determine the location. Then, we performed an experiment and a simulation of preamble sequence acquisition, and the results proved that the method is feasible and has high detection accuracy in high-noise conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19204526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,17]],"date-time":"2019-10-17T11:07:59Z","timestamp":1571310479000},"page":"4526","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Mobile Phone Passive Positioning through the Detection of Uplink Signals for Search and Rescue"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yuhui","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Post and Telecommunication, Beijing 100876, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhongliang","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Post and Telecommunication, Beijing 100876, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5679-1644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Post and Telecommunication, Beijing 100876, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shihua","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Post and Telecommunication, Beijing 100876, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Post and Telecommunication, Beijing 100876, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Camara, D. (2014). Cavalry to the Rescue: Drones Fleet to Help Rescuers Operations over Disasters Scenarios. 2014 IEEE Conference on Antenna Measurements & Applications (CAMA), IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/CAMA.2014.7003421"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bevacqua, G., Cacace, J., Finzi, A., and Lippiello, V. (2015, January 7\u201311). Mixed-Initiative Planning and Execution for Multiple Drones in Search and Rescue Missions. Proceedings of the International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling; Twenty-Fifth International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling, Jerusalem, Israel.","DOI":"10.1609\/icaps.v25i1.13700"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lygouras, E., Santavas, N., Taitzoglou, A., Tarchanidis, K., Mitropoulos, A., and Gasteratos, A. (2019). Unsupervised Human Detection with an Embedded Vision System on a Fully Autonomous UAV for Search and Rescue Operations. 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Mobile Phone Passive Positioning Through the Detection of Uplink Signal. Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE International Conference on Smart Internet of Things (IEEE SmartIoT 2019), Tianjin, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/SmartIoT.2019.00064"},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"(2019, September 27). Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2, Document 3GPP TS 36.300 V15.5.0, Mar. Available online: https:\/\/portal.3gpp.org\/desktopmodules\/ Specifications\/SpecificationDetails.aspx?specificationId=2430."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"(2019, September 27). Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; NR; NR and NG-RAN Overall Description; Stage 2, Document 3GPP TS 38.300 V15.5.0, Mar. 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Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology (ICMMT), Shenzhen, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMMT.2012.6230418"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McDermott, K., Vaghefi, R.M., and Buehrer, R.M. (2015, January 6\u201310). Cooperative UTDOA Positioning in LTE Cellular Systems. Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps), San Diego, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOMW.2015.7414171"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/19\/20\/4526\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:27:23Z","timestamp":1760189243000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/19\/20\/4526"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,17]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]}},"alternative-id":["s19204526"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s19204526","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,17]]}}}