{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T13:08:45Z","timestamp":1787749725230,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,2]],"date-time":"2019-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PGC2018-099530-B-C31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PGC2018-099530-B-C31"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003086","name":"Eusko Jaurlaritza","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PIBA 2018-44, Elkartek (RTM 4.0)  \u201cAyuda a Grupos Consolidados\u201d (Ref.: GIU18\/192)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIBA 2018-44, Elkartek (RTM 4.0)  \u201cAyuda a Grupos Consolidados\u201d (Ref.: GIU18\/192)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003086","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Thin magnetic wires can present excellent soft magnetic properties (with coercivities up to 4 A\/m), Giant Magneto-impedance effect, GMI, or rectangular hysteresis loops combined with quite fast domain wall, DW, propagation. In this paper we overview the magnetic properties of thin magnetic wires and post-processing allowing optimization of their magnetic properties for magnetic sensor applications. We concluded that the GMI effect, magnetic softness or DW dynamics of microwires can be tailored by controlling the magnetoelastic anisotropy of as-prepared microwires or controlling their internal stresses and domain structure by appropriate thermal treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19214767","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,4]],"date-time":"2019-11-04T04:13:08Z","timestamp":1572840788000},"page":"4767","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Development of Magnetic Microwires for Magnetic Sensor Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2926-9826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Zhukova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica de Materiales, Facultad de Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad del Pa\u00eds Vasco\/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV\/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 3, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica Aplicada, EIG, Basque Country University, Universidad del Pa\u00eds Vasco\/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV\/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2073-5798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Corte-Leon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica de Materiales, Facultad de Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad del Pa\u00eds Vasco\/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV\/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 3, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica Aplicada, EIG, Basque Country University, Universidad del Pa\u00eds Vasco\/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV\/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihail","family":"Ipatov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica de Materiales, Facultad de Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad del Pa\u00eds Vasco\/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV\/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 3, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica Aplicada, EIG, Basque Country University, Universidad del Pa\u00eds Vasco\/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV\/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Maria","family":"Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica Aplicada, EIG, Basque Country University, Universidad del Pa\u00eds Vasco\/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV\/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorena","family":"Gonzalez-Legarreta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica de Materiales, Facultad de Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad del Pa\u00eds Vasco\/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV\/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 3, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento QUIPRE, Inorganic Chemistry-University of Cantabria, Nanomedice-IDIVAL, Avda. de Los Castros 46, 39005 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5025-4859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arcady","family":"Zhukov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica de Materiales, Facultad de Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad del Pa\u00eds Vasco\/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV\/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 3, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica Aplicada, EIG, Basque Country University, Universidad del Pa\u00eds Vasco\/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV\/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain"},{"name":"IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2006.874493","article-title":"Magnetic sensors and their applications","volume":"6","author":"Lenz","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.3390\/s90402271","article-title":"Small Magnetic Sensors for Space Applications","volume":"9","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-8853(00)00291-2","article-title":"Sensors based on soft magnetic materials Panel discussion","volume":"215","author":"Ripka","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Webster, J. (1999). Soft Magnetic Materials. Wiley Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, John Wiley & Sons, Inc."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2003.08.011","article-title":"Recent advances and future directions in magnetic materials","volume":"51","author":"Jiles","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Mater."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhukov, A. (2017). High Performance Soft Magnetic Materials. Springer Series in Materials Science, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-49707-5"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1063\/1.112104","article-title":"Magneto-impedance effect in amorphous wires","volume":"65","author":"Panina","year":"1994","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3652","DOI":"10.1063\/1.111170","article-title":"Giant magnetic field dependent impedance of amorphous FeCoSiB wire","volume":"64","author":"Beach","year":"1994","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Buschow, K.H.J. (2015). Advances in Giant Magnetoimpedance of Materials. Handbook of Magnetic Materials, Elsevier. Chapter 2."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Bruck, E. (2003). Giant Magnetoimpedance. Handbook of Magnetic Materials, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1109\/20.104526","article-title":"Large Barkhausen and Matteucci Effects in FeCoSiB, FeCrSiB, and FeNiSiB Amorphous Wires","volume":"26","author":"Mohri","year":"1990","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Magn."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1109\/20.364811","article-title":"Preparation and properties of amorphous wires","volume":"31","author":"Ogasawara","year":"1995","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Magn."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"07E311","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3672076","article-title":"Domain wall propagation in micrometric wires: Limits of single domain wall regime","volume":"111","author":"Zhukova","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-8853(02)00520-6","article-title":"Switching field fluctuations in a glass coated Fe-rich amorphous microwire, J","volume":"249","author":"Zhukova","year":"2002","journal-title":"Magn. Magn. Mat."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intermet.2018.11.013","article-title":"Engineering of magnetic properties of Co-rich microwires by joule heating","volume":"105","author":"Zhukova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Intermetallics"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132406","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.76.132406","article-title":"Supersonic domain wall in magnetic microwires","volume":"76","author":"Varga","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRev.42.419","article-title":"Propagation of large Barkhausen discontinuities II","volume":"42","author":"Sixtus","year":"1932","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1038\/135961a0","article-title":"Electrical Properties of Wires of High Permeability","volume":"135","author":"Harrison","year":"1935","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-8853(00)00554-0","article-title":"Magnetic properties and GMI in a CoFeSiB glass-covered microwire","volume":"21","author":"Pirota","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmmm.2005.03.033","article-title":"Recent research on magnetic properties of glass-coated microwires","volume":"294","author":"Zhukov","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohri, K., Uchiyama, T., Panina, L.V., Yamamoto, M., and Bushida, K. (2015). Recent Advances of Amorphous Wire CMOS IC Magneto-Impedance Sensors: Innovative High-Performance Micromagnetic Sensor Chip. J. Sens.","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/718069"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Honkura, Y., and Honkura, S. (2018, January 16\u201320). The Development of ASIC Type GSR Sensor Driven by GHz Pulse Current. Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Sensor Device Technologies and Applications, SENSORDEVICES 2018, Venice, Italy.","DOI":"10.3390\/s20041023"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2008.2011067","article-title":"Development of a high sensitivity Giant Magneto-Impedance magnetometer: comparison with a commercial Flux-Gate","volume":"9","author":"Ding","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Sensors"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"980","article-title":"Highly sensitive magnetometer based on the off-diagonal GMI effect in Co-rich glass-coated microwire","volume":"211","author":"Gudoshnikov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys. Stat. Sol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3070","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2011.2148165","article-title":"Measurement of Spontaneous Oscillatory Magnetic Field of Guinea-Pig Smooth Muscle Preparation Using Pico-Tesla Resolution Amorphous Wire Magneto-Impedance Sensor","volume":"47","author":"Uchiyama","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Magn."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-4247(01)00502-7","article-title":"Magnetoelastic sensor based on GMI of amorphous microwire","volume":"91","author":"Zhukov","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sens. Actuator A-Phys."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2007.05.003","article-title":"Giant Magnetoimedance Materials: Fundamentals and Applications","volume":"53","author":"Phan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-8853(97)01148-7","article-title":"Theory of giant magneto-impedance effect in amorphous wires with different types of magnetic anisotropy","volume":"185","author":"Usov","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-4247(99)00092-8","article-title":"Effect of AC driving current on Magneto-Impedance effect","volume":"81","author":"Aragoneses","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sens. Actuator A-Phys."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3505","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2004.835676","article-title":"Off-diagonal impedance in amorphous wires and its application to linear magnetic sensors","volume":"35","author":"Sandacci","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Magn."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-8853(98)00114-0","article-title":"Nondiagonal impedance of amorphous wires with circular magnetic anisotropy","volume":"187","author":"Antonov","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"094701","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3635223","article-title":"Accurate measurement of domain wall velocity in amorphous microwires, submicron wires, and nanowires","volume":"82","author":"Corodeanu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Instrum."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1108813","article-title":"Magnetic domain-wall logic","volume":"309","author":"Allwood","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142506","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3494521","article-title":"Dependence of field driven domain wall velocity on cross-sectional area in nanowires","volume":"97","author":"Moriya","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1166\/sl.2013.2771","article-title":"Fast magnetization switching in thin wires: Magnetoelastic and defects contributions","volume":"11","author":"Zhukov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sensor Lett."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2012.09.039","article-title":"Fast magnetization switching in Fe-rich amorphous microwires: Effect of magnetoelastic anisotropy and role of defects","volume":"586","author":"Zhukova","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3925","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2008.2001997","article-title":"Domain Wall Propagation in Thin Magnetic Wires","volume":"44","author":"Varga","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Magn."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2016.09.072","article-title":"Engineering of domain wall dynamics in amorphous microwires by annealing","volume":"707","author":"Zhukov","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2014.07.079","article-title":"Tailoring of magnetic properties and GMI effect of Co-rich amorphous microwires by heat treatment","volume":"615","author":"Zhukov","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmmm.2014.10.003","article-title":"Manipulation of magnetic properties of glass-coated microwires by annealing","volume":"383","author":"Zhukov","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2017.11.040","article-title":"Giant stress-impedance (GSI) sensor for diameter evaluation in cylindrical elements","volume":"269","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators A"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2012.2219854","article-title":"Possibilities of Measuring Stress and Health Monitoring in Materials Using Contact-Less Sensor Based on Magnetic Microwires","volume":"49","author":"Mikita","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Magn."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesa.2019.02.014","article-title":"Smart composites with embedded magnetic microwire inclusions allowing non-contact stresses and temperature monitoring","volume":"120","author":"Allue","year":"2019","journal-title":"Composites Part A"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2500104","DOI":"10.1109\/LMAG.2015.2397877","article-title":"Tailoring of High Frequency Giant Magnetoimpedance Effect of amorphous Co-rich microwires","volume":"6","author":"Zhukov","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Magn. Lett."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhukov, A., Talaat, A., Ipatov, M., del Val, J.J., Gonzalez-Legarreta, L., Hernando, B., and Zhukova, V. (2015). Giant Magnetoimpedance Effect of Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Glass-Coated Microwires. Smart Sensors, Measurement and Instrumentation, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-21671-3_5"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-8853(97)00041-3","article-title":"Magnetic properties of Fe-based glass coated microwires","volume":"170","author":"Zhukov","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3623","DOI":"10.1109\/20.42381","article-title":"Magnetostriction measurements for amorphous wires","volume":"25","author":"Konno","year":"1989","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Magn."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1007\/s11664-015-4011-2","article-title":"Magnetostriction of Co-Fe-based amorphous soft magnetic microwires","volume":"45","author":"Zhukov","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Electr. Mater."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"711","article-title":"Amorphous and nanocrystalline soft magnets","volume":"Volume 338","author":"Hadjipanayis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Insititute on Magnetic Hysteresis in Novel Materials"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-8853(99)00240-1","article-title":"Ferromagnetic resonance and Structure of Fe-based Glass-coated Microwires","volume":"203","author":"Zhukov","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baranov, S.A., Larin, V.S., and Torcunov, A.V. (2017). Technology, Preparation and Properties of the Cast Glass-Coated Magnetic Microwires. Crystals, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/cryst7060136"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-8853(02)00875-2","article-title":"Magnetoelastic anisotropy of amorphous microwires","volume":"254\u2013255","author":"Chiriac","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3727\/33\/10\/305","article-title":"Residual quenching stresses in glass-coated amorphous ferromagnetic microwires","volume":"33","author":"Antonov","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1557\/JMR.1996.0315","article-title":"Magnetoelastic anisotropy distribution in glass-coated microwires","volume":"11","author":"Vazquez","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res."},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"Catalan, C.F., Prida, V.M., Alonso, J., V\u00e1zquez, M., Zhukov, A., Hernando, B., and Vel\u00e1zquez, J. (1997). Effect of glass coating on magnetic properties of amorphous microwires. Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 438\u2013441."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-4247(99)00129-6","article-title":"Glass coated Co-rich Amorphous Microwires with Improved Permeability","volume":"81","author":"Pina","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sens. Actuator A-Phys."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2013.04.083","article-title":"Magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effect in Heusler-type glass-coated NiMnGa microwires","volume":"575","author":"Zhukov","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2805","DOI":"10.1063\/1.368421","article-title":"Giant magnetoimpedance in a cylindrical conductor","volume":"84","author":"Britel","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.1007\/s11664-015-4319-y","article-title":"Studies of interfacial layer and its effect on magnetic properties of glass-coated microwires","volume":"45","author":"Zhukov","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Electr. Mater."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1038\/nchem.1116","article-title":"Minerals go critical","volume":"3","author":"Eggert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Chem."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnoncrysol.2006.12.062","article-title":"Engineering of the magnetic properties of Finemet based nanocrystalline glass-coated microwires","volume":"353","author":"Dudek","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Non-Cryst. Solids"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6584","DOI":"10.1063\/1.367926","article-title":"Giant magneto-impedance effect in nanocrystalline glass-covered wires","volume":"83","author":"Chiriac","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Appl Phys."},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"2501905","article-title":"Effect of Nanocrystallization on Magnetic Properties and GMI Effect of Microwires","volume":"50","author":"Zhukov","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Magn."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02643346","article-title":"Mechanical properties of Fe\u2013Si\u2013B amorphous wires produced by in-rotating-water spinning method","volume":"13","author":"Hagiwara","year":"1982","journal-title":"Metall. Trans. A"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.2320\/matertrans1960.18.759","article-title":"Mechanical properties of amorphous Fe80P16C3B1 filament produced by glass-coated melt spinning","volume":"18","author":"Goto","year":"1977","journal-title":"Trans. JIM"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-8853(02)00509-7","article-title":"Correlation between magnetic and mechanical properties of devitrified glass-coated Fe71.8Cu1Nb3.1Si15B9.1 microwires","volume":"249","author":"Zhukova","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scriptamat.2017.08.014","article-title":"Engineering of magnetic softness and giant magnetoimpedance effect in Fe-rich microwires by stress-annealing","volume":"142","author":"Zhukova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scr. Mater."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2016.10.178","article-title":"Effect of stress annealing on magnetic properties and GMI effect of Co- and Fe-rich microwires","volume":"707","author":"Zhukova","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3202","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21356-3","article-title":"Tailoring of magnetoimpedance effect and magnetic softness of Fe-rich glass-coated microwires by stress-annealing","volume":"8","author":"Zhukova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2017.08.119","article-title":"Trends in optimization of giant magnetoimpedance effect in amorphous and nanocrystalline materials","volume":"727","author":"Zhukov","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corte-Le\u00f3n, P., Blanco, J.M., Zhukova, V., Ipatov, M., Gonzalez, J., Churyukanova, M., Taskaev, S., and Zhukov, A. (2019). Engineering of Magnetic Softness and Domain Wall Dynamics of Fe-rich Amorphous Microwires by Stress-induced Magnetic Anisotropy. Sci. Rep., 9.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-48755-4"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2015.11.102","article-title":"Effect of annealing on magnetic properties of nanocrystalline Hitperm-type glass-coated microwires","volume":"660","author":"Talaat","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1002\/pssa.201532552","article-title":"Magnetostriction investigation of soft magnetic microwires","volume":"213","author":"Churyukanova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Status Solidi A"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000504","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2018.2866452","article-title":"Engineering of Magnetic Properties of Fe-Rich Microwires by Stress Annealing","volume":"55","author":"Zhukov","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Magn."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2004.10.017","article-title":"Skin effect and circumferential permeability in micro-wires utilized in GMI-sensors","volume":"119","author":"Lachowicz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sens. Actuator A-Phys."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1109\/20.364813","article-title":"The magnetization reversal process in amorphous wires","volume":"31","author":"Chen","year":"1995","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Magn."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3904","DOI":"10.1109\/20.800703","article-title":"Domain Structure of Chemically Thinned Fe-Si-B Amorphous Wires","volume":"35","author":"Takajo","year":"1999","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Magn."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2019.152225","article-title":"Giant magnetoimpedance in rapidly quenched materials","volume":"814","author":"Zhukov","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compound."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17A318","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4795617","article-title":"Tailoring of domain wall dynamics in amorphous microwires by annealing","volume":"113","author":"Chichay","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5406","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1663252","article-title":"The motion of 180\u00b0 domain walls in uniform dc magnetic fields","volume":"45","author":"Schryer","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_81","first-page":"296003","article-title":"Influence of the magnetoelastic anisotropy on the domain wall dynamics in bistable amorphous wires","volume":"24","author":"Richter","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Phys. C: Condens. Matter."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"07D903","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2829032","article-title":"Enhancing domain wall speed in nanowires with transverse magnetic fields","volume":"103","author":"Kunz","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmmm.2015.08.071","article-title":"Magnetic domain-wall velocity enhancement induced by a transverse magnetic field","volume":"397","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"073906","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2887918","article-title":"Magnetic domain wall propagation in nanowires under transverse magnetic fields","volume":"103","author":"Bryan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113914","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3266009","article-title":"Effect of transverse magnetic field on domain wall propagation in magnetically bistable glass-coated amorphous microwires","volume":"106","author":"Zhukova","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/19\/21\/4767\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:31:25Z","timestamp":1760189485000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/19\/21\/4767"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,2]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]}},"alternative-id":["s19214767"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s19214767","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,2]]}}}