{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T08:51:34Z","timestamp":1769158294083,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]],"date-time":"2019-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The appraisal of stress in plants is of great relevance in agriculture and any time the transport of living plants is involved. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are an optimal solution to simultaneously monitor a large number of plants in a mostly automatic way. A number of sensors are readily available to monitor indicators that are likely related to stress. The most common of them include the levels of total volatile compounds and CO2 together with common physical parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, and illumination, which are known to affect plants\u2019 behavior. Recent progress in microsensors and communication technologies, such as the LoRa protocol, makes it possible to design sensor nodes of high sensitivity where power consumption, transmitting distances, and costs are optimized. In this paper, the design of a WSN dedicated to plant stress monitoring is described. The nodes have been tested on European privet (Ligustrum Jonandrum) kept in completely different conditions in order to induce opposite level of stress. The results confirmed the relationship between the release of total Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and the environmental conditions. A machine learning model based on recursive neural networks demonstrates that total VOCs can be estimated from the measure of the environmental parameters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19224865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]],"date-time":"2019-11-08T11:30:19Z","timestamp":1573212619000},"page":"4865","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Development of a Sensor Node for Remote Monitoring of Plants"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6050-2908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandro","family":"Catini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Papale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7811-0862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosamaria","family":"Capuano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Pasqualetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Di Giuseppe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Brizzolara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant\u2019Anna School of Advanced Studies, Piazza Martiri della Libert\u00e0 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Tonutti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant\u2019Anna School of Advanced Studies, Piazza Martiri della Libert\u00e0 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0543-4348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corrado","family":"Di Natale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-019-0470-6","article-title":"Nanobiotechnology approaches for engineering smart plant sensors","volume":"14","author":"Giraldo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. 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