{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T19:06:59Z","timestamp":1783624019241,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]],"date-time":"2019-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61665012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61665012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61575168"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61575168"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To improve the detection sensitivity of porous silicon microcavity biosensors, CdSe\/ZnS quantum dots are used to label complementary DNA molecules for the refractive index amplification and angular spectrum method for detection. In this method, the TE mode laser is used as the detection light and the light source is changed into a parallel beam by collimating and expanding the beam, which illuminates the PSM surface and receives the reflected light from the PSM surface through the detector. The angle corresponding to the weakest reflected light intensity before and after the biological reaction between probe DNA and complementary DNA of different concentrations labeled by quantum dots was measured by the detector, and the relationship between the angle change before and after the biological reaction and the complementary DNA concentration labeled by quantum dots was obtained. The experimental results show that the angle change increases linearly with increasing complementary DNA concentration. The detection limit of the experiment, as determined by fitting, is approximately 36 pM. The detection limit of this method is approximately 1\/300 of that without quantum dot labeling. Our method has a low cost because it does not require the use of a reflectance spectrometer, and it also demonstrates high sensitivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19224872","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]],"date-time":"2019-11-08T11:30:19Z","timestamp":1573212619000},"page":"4872","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The Enhanced Sensitivity of a Porous Silicon Microcavity Biosensor Based on an Angular Spectrum Using CdSe\/ZnS Quantum Dots"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Rui","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenhong","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyi","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2004.10.009","article-title":"Porous silicon as an entrapping matrix for the immobilization of urease","volume":"107","author":"Chaudhari","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3604","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201202697","article-title":"Immobilization of Quantum Dots in Nanostructured Porous Silicon Films: Characterizations and Signal Amplification for Dual-Mode Optical Biosensing","volume":"23","author":"Gaur","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2009.11","article-title":"Real-time monitoring of enzyme activity in a mesoporous silicon double layer","volume":"4","author":"Orosco","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physe.2006.12.050","article-title":"Porous silicon-based optical biosensors and biochips","volume":"38","author":"Rendina","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phys. E Low-Dimens. Syst. Nanostruct."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1002\/pssa.200306558","article-title":"Sensitivity of the optical properties of porous silicon layers to the refractive index of liquid in the pores","volume":"197","author":"Anderson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Phys. Status Solidi (A)"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3222","DOI":"10.1021\/ac048144+","article-title":"Cross-Correlation of Optical Microcavity Biosensor Response with Immobilized Enzyme Activity. Insights into Biosensor Sensitivity","volume":"77","author":"DeLouise","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2013.10.028","article-title":"A size selective porous silicon grating-coupled Bloch surface and sub-surface wave biosensor","volume":"53","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1186\/1556-276X-9-383","article-title":"Porous silicon Bloch surface and sub-surface wave structure for simultaneous detection of small and large molecules","volume":"9","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nanoscale Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425502","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/22\/42\/425502","article-title":"A porous silicon optical microcavity for sensitive bacteria detection","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2012.07.047","article-title":"Hybridization assay of insect antifreezing protein gene by novel multilayered porous silicon nucleic acid biosensor","volume":"39","author":"Lv","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1007\/s11801-010-0033-4","article-title":"Porous silicon optical cavity as an immunosensor platform","volume":"6","author":"Lv","year":"2010","journal-title":"Optoelectron. Lett."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2013.01.012","article-title":"Porous silicon optical microcavity biosensor on silicon-on-insulator wafer for sensitive DNA detection","volume":"44","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24626","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.23.024626","article-title":"Spectrometer-free biological detection method using porous silicon microcavity devices","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/S0958-1669(02)00282-3","article-title":"Luminescent quantum dots for multiplexed biological detection and imaging","volume":"13","author":"Chan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat1390","article-title":"Quantum dot bioconjugates for imaging, labelling and sensing","volume":"4","author":"Medintz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"047804","DOI":"10.1088\/1674-1056\/27\/4\/047804","article-title":"Hot spots enriched plasmonic nanostructure-induced random lasing of quantum dots thin film","volume":"27","author":"Shan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin. Phys. B"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1021\/jp907839j","article-title":"Bioimaging and self-assembly of lysozyme fibrils utilizing cdse\/zns quantum dots","volume":"114","author":"Vannoy","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2016.01.048","article-title":"Porous Silicon Microcavity Modulates the Photoluminescence Spectra of Organic Polymers and Quantum Dots","volume":"3","author":"Dovzhenko","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mater. Today Proc."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"3","article-title":"Biological reaction signal enhancement in porous silicon Bragg mirror based on quantum dots fluorescence","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lv, C.W., Jia, Z.H., Zhang, H.Y., and Li, Y.Y. (2017). High Sensitivity Detection of CdSe\/ZnS Quantum Dot-Labeled DNA Based on N-type Porous Silicon Microcavities. Sensors, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/s17010080"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-5107(99)00236-6","article-title":"Effective Refactive Index and Composition of Oxidized Porous Silicon Films","volume":"2002","author":"Astrova","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Palik, E.D. (1985). Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3503","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.11.003503","article-title":"Refractive index tomography of turbid media by bifocal optical coherence refractometry","volume":"36","author":"Zvyagin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1007\/s101030050062","article-title":"Optical Properties of Whole Blood","volume":"13","author":"Sardar","year":"1998","journal-title":"Laser. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.35.001793","article-title":"Measurement method of the refractive index of biotissue by total internal reflection","volume":"35","author":"Li","year":"1996","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.16.001600","article-title":"Ultracompact wavelength and polarization splitters in periodic dielectric waveguides","volume":"16","author":"Huang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10119","DOI":"10.1021\/la2022177","article-title":"Preparation of Peptide-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles Using One Pot EDC\/Sulfo-NHS Coupling","volume":"27","author":"Bartczak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s11801-013-3020-8","article-title":"A label-free single photonic quantum well biosensor based on porous silicon for DNA detection","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Optoelectron. Lett."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6725","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201502859","article-title":"Oxidized Porous Silicon Nanostructures Enabling Electrokinetic Transport for Enhanced DNA Detection","volume":"25","author":"Rita","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/19\/22\/4872\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:32:55Z","timestamp":1760189575000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/19\/22\/4872"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]}},"alternative-id":["s19224872"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s19224872","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]]}}}