{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:50:15Z","timestamp":1760241015058,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]],"date-time":"2019-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In order for automatic microinjection to serve biomedical and genetic research, we have designed and manufactured a PDMS-based sensor with a circular section channel using the microwire molding technique. For the very precise control of microfluidic transport, we developed a microfluidic pulse width modulation system (MPWM) for automatic microinjections at a picoliter level. By adding a computer-aided detection and tracking of fluid-specific elements in the microfluidic circuit, the PDMS microchannel sensor became the basic element in the automatic control of the microinjection sensor. With the PDMS microinjection sensor, we precise measured microfluidic volumes under visual detection, assisted by very precise computer equipment (with precision below 1 \u03bcm) based on image processing. The calibration of the MPWM system was performed to increase the reproducibility of the results and to detect and measure microfluidic volumes. The novel PDMS-based sensor system for MPWM measurements of microfluidic volumes contributes to the advancement of intelligent control methods and techniques, which could lead to new developments in the design, control, and in applications of real-time intelligent sensor system control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19224886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]],"date-time":"2019-11-08T11:30:19Z","timestamp":1573212619000},"page":"4886","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Novel PDMS-Based Sensor System for MPWM Measurements of Picoliter Volumes in Microfluidic Devices"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Mih\u0103i\u0163\u0103 Nicolae","family":"Ardeleanu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Materials Engineering and Mechanics, Valahia University of Targoviste, 13 Aleea Sinaia Street, Targoviste 130004 Romania"},{"name":"S.C. Celteh Mezotronic S.R.L., Calea C\u00e2mpulung Street, No. 6A, Targoviste, 130092, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ileana Nicoleta","family":"Popescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Materials Engineering and Mechanics, Valahia University of Targoviste, 13 Aleea Sinaia Street, Targoviste 130004 Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iulian Nicolae","family":"Udroiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Information Technology, Valahia University of Targoviste, Targoviste 130004, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emil Mihai","family":"Diaconu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Information Technology, Valahia University of Targoviste, Targoviste 130004, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Mihai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Scientific and Technological Multidisciplinary Research Institute (ICSTM-UVT), Valahia University of Targoviste, Targoviste 130004, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emil","family":"Lungu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Department of Mathematics, Valahia University of Targoviste, Targoviste 130004, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6492-4435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Badriyah","family":"Alhalaili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Program, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885,  Safat 13109, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3323-9547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruxandra","family":"Vidu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA"},{"name":"Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest 060042, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ellson, R.N. (, January May). Nanoliter and picoliter liquid handling for life science applications. 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