{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T03:20:43Z","timestamp":1771039243312,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,12]],"date-time":"2019-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003621","name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CISS-2019M3A6A6020917"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CISS-2019M3A6A6020917"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003052","name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20006408"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20006408"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To develop high-performance de- or anti-frosting\/icing devices based on transparent heaters, it is necessary to study the evaporation-rate control of droplets on heater surfaces. However, almost no research has been done on the evaporation-rate control of liquid droplets on transparent heaters. In this study, we investigate the evaporation characteristics of water droplets on transparent heater surfaces and determine that they depend upon the surface wettability, by modifying which, the complete evaporation time can be controlled. In addition, we study the defrosting and deicing performances through the surface wettability, by placing the flexible transparent heater on a webcam. The obtained results can be used as fundamental data for the transparent defrosting and deicing systems of closed-circuit television (CCTV) camera lenses, smart windows, vehicle backup cameras, aircraft windows, and sensor applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19224918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,13]],"date-time":"2019-11-13T09:11:27Z","timestamp":1573636287000},"page":"4918","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Evaporation-Rate Control of Water Droplets on Flexible Transparent Heater for Sensor Application"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Jaesoung","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Convergence Materials Research Center, Gumi Electronics &amp; Information Technology Research Institute (GERI), Gumi 39171, Korea"}]},{"given":"Suhan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Convergence Medical Devices Research Center, Gumi Electronics &amp; Information Technology Research Institute (GERI), Gumi 39253, Korea"}]},{"given":"Dong-Ik","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Integrated Smart Sensors (CISS), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea"}]},{"given":"Young-You","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Korea"}]},{"given":"Samsoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Convergence Materials Research Center, Gumi Electronics &amp; Information Technology Research Institute (GERI), Gumi 39171, Korea"}]},{"given":"Han-Jung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Convergence Materials Research Center, Gumi Electronics &amp; Information Technology Research Institute (GERI), Gumi 39171, Korea"}]},{"given":"Yoonkap","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Convergence Materials Research Center, Gumi Electronics &amp; Information Technology Research Institute (GERI), Gumi 39171, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12559","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5b11026","article-title":"Visibly transparent heaters","volume":"8","author":"Gupta","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Appl. 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