{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:50:39Z","timestamp":1760241039303,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,15]],"date-time":"2019-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61971198"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61971198"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Opening Fund of Acoustics Science and Technology Laboratory","award":["ssk2018009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ssk2018009"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, the estimation of overspread, i.e., doubly spread underwater acoustic (UWA) channels of strong dispersion is considered. We show that although the UWA channel dispersion causes the degeneration of channel sparsity, it leads to a low-rank structure especially when the channel delay-Doppler-spread function is separable in delay and Doppler domain. Therefore, we introduce the low-rank criterion to estimate the UWA channels, which can help to improve the estimation performance in the case of strong dispersion. The estimator is based on the discrete delay-Doppler-spread function representation of channel, and is formulated as a low-rank matrix recovery problem which can be solved by the singular value projection technique. Simulation examples are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed low-rank-based channel estimator.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19224976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,15]],"date-time":"2019-11-15T11:24:32Z","timestamp":1573817072000},"page":"4976","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Estimation of Overspread Underwater Acoustic Channel Based on Low-Rank Matrix Recovery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China"},{"name":"Acoustic Science and Technology Laboratory, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1031-492X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fangjiong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China"}]},{"given":"Songzuo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acoustic Science and Technology Laboratory, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Information Acquisition and Security, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1109\/JOE.2013.2278787","article-title":"Statistical Characterization and Computationally Efficient Modeling of a Class of Underwater Acoustic Communication Channels","volume":"38","author":"Qarabaqi","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE J. 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