{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T03:56:20Z","timestamp":1760586980009,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]],"date-time":"2019-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007694","name":"Korea Agency for Infrastructure Technology Advancement","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["13SCIPA02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13SCIPA02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007694","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Korea Institute of Civil engineering and building Technology","award":["20190191-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20190191-001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Slip-forming in concrete construction enables the continuous placement of concrete using a climbing form, the efficiency of which depends on appropriate slip-up timing. This implies the importance of knowing accurately the development of concrete strength over time, which has been assessed manually to date in construction fields. This paper presents a method for automating the slip-forming process by determining the optimal slip-up time using the in-situ strength of concrete. The strength of concrete is evaluated by a formula relating the strength to the surface wave velocity measured with ultrasonic sensors. Specifically, this study validates the applicability of the slip-form system with ultrasonic sensors for continuously monitoring the hardening of concrete through its application in several construction sites. To this end, a slip-form system with a pair of ultrasonic modules at the bottom of the panel was tested and the time variation of surface wave velocity in the concrete material was monitored during the slip-forming process. The results show that the proposed method can provide the optimal slip-up time of the form to automate the slip-forming process. This approach is expected to apply to other construction technologies that required the continuous monitoring of concrete strength for construction efficiency as well as quality maintenance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19225053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]],"date-time":"2019-11-19T11:30:17Z","timestamp":1574163017000},"page":"5053","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Experimental Validation of Slip-Forming Using Ultrasonic Sensors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9953-8200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyejin","family":"Yoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Seismic Safety Research Center, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, 283 Goyangdae-ro, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10223, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seismic Safety Research Center, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, 283 Goyangdae-ro, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10223, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Won Jong","family":"Chin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seismic Safety Research Center, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, 283 Goyangdae-ro, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10223, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9630-3898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun Won","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Hongik University, 94 Wausan-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04066, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyun-Moo","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Chang, K.C., and Kim, C.W. 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