{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T05:22:26Z","timestamp":1776489746071,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]],"date-time":"2019-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003475","name":"Hasler Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16072"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003475","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) is characterized by a highly individual disease-profile as well as fluctuating symptoms. Consequently, 24-h home monitoring in a real-world environment would be an ideal solution for precise symptom diagnostics. In recent years, small lightweight sensors which have assisted in objective, reliable analysis of motor symptoms have attracted a lot of attention. While technical advances are important, patient acceptance of such new systems is just as crucial to increase long-term adherence. So far, there has been a lack of long-term evaluations of PD-patient sensor adherence and acceptance. In a pilot study of PD patients (N = 4), adherence (wearing time) and acceptance (questionnaires) of a multi-part sensor set was evaluated over a 4-week timespan. The evaluated sensor set consisted of 3 body-worn sensors and 7 at-home installed ambient sensors. After one month of continuous monitoring, the overall system usability scale (SUS)-questionnaire score was 71.5%, with an average acceptance score of 87% for the body-worn sensors and 100% for the ambient sensors. On average, sensors were worn 15 h and 4 min per day. All patients reported strong preferences of the sensor set over manual self-reporting methods. Our results coincide with measured high adherence and acceptance rate of similar short-term studies and extend them to long-term monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19235169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]],"date-time":"2019-11-26T10:57:27Z","timestamp":1574765847000},"page":"5169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Long-Term Home-Monitoring Sensor Technology in Patients with Parkinson\u2019s Disease\u2014Acceptance and Adherence"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Angela","family":"Botros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gerontechnology and Rehabilitation Group, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Narayan","family":"Sch\u00fctz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gerontechnology and Rehabilitation Group, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Camenzind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iHomeLab, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts\u2014Engineering and Architecture, 6048 Horw, Switzerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7641-8898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prabitha","family":"Urwyler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gerontechnology and Rehabilitation Group, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Perception and Eye Movement Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and BioMedical Research, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Bolliger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iHomeLab, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts\u2014Engineering and Architecture, 6048 Horw, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Vanbellingen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gerontechnology and Rehabilitation Group, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Center, Luzerner Kantonsspital, 6000 Luzern, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Rolf","family":"Kistler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iHomeLab, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts\u2014Engineering and Architecture, 6048 Horw, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Bohlhalter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Center, Luzerner Kantonsspital, 6000 Luzern, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Rene M.","family":"M\u00fcri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gerontechnology and Rehabilitation Group, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Perception and Eye Movement Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and BioMedical Research, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Urs P.","family":"Mosimann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gerontechnology and Rehabilitation Group, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Nef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gerontechnology and Rehabilitation Group, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70471-9","article-title":"Epidemiology of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"5","author":"Breteler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16305-8","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"363","author":"Samii","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2007.131045","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease: Clinical features and diagnosis","volume":"79","author":"Jankovic","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13691","article-title":"The clinical symptoms of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"139","author":"Sveinbjornsdottir","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.57.6.672","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"57","author":"Marsden","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1969.00480160015001","article-title":"Treatment of Parkinsonism with Levodopa","volume":"21","author":"Yahr","year":"1969","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(77)91146-1","article-title":"Success and problems of long-term levodopa therapy in parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"309","author":"Marsden","year":"1977","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1159\/000113714","article-title":"Duodenal Levodopa Infusion Improves Quality of Life in Advanced Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"5","author":"Antonini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurodegener. Dis."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"II19","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-002-1204-4","article-title":"Treatment of Parkinson\u2019s disease: Levodopa as the first choice","volume":"249","author":"Katzenschlager","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rahman, S., Griffin, H.J., Quinn, N.P., and Jahanshahi, M. (2008). The Factors that Induce or Overcome Freezing of Gait in Parkinson\u2019s Disease. Behav. Neurol.","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/456298"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20458","article-title":"Motor fluctuations and dyskinesias in Parkinson\u2019s disease: Clinical manifestations","volume":"20","author":"Jankovic","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mov. Dis."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lungu, C., Kim, B., Hallet, M., Lukasiewicz, K., Harrington, J., Altemus, A., and Baldwin, J. (2015). iPad App for Daily Parkinson Diary (P1.193), Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.84.14_supplement.P1.193"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vega, J., Couth, S., Poliakoff, E., Kotz, S., Sullivan, M., Jay, C., Vigo, M., and Harper, S. (2018, January 21\u201326). Back to Analogue: Self-Reporting for Parkinson\u2019s Disease. Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems\u2014CHI\u201918, Montreal, QC, Canada.","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3173648"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-5949.2011.00253.x","article-title":"Patient Diaries As a Clinical Endpoint in Parkinson\u2019s Disease Clinical Trials","volume":"18","author":"Papapetropoulos","year":"2012","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(90)90033-Y","article-title":"Real-time gait assessment utilizing a new way of accelerometry","volume":"23","author":"Willemsen","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-980X(98)00053-8","article-title":"Body position can be monitored in 3D using miniature accelerometers and earth-magnetic field sensors","volume":"109","author":"Kemp","year":"1998","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol.\/Electromyogr. Mot. Control"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1109\/TITB.2009.2036165","article-title":"Wearable Assistant for Parkinson\u2019s Disease Patients With the Freezing of Gait Symptom","volume":"14","author":"Bachlin","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Technol. Biomed."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1109\/TITB.2011.2182616","article-title":"Assessment of Tremor Activity in the Parkinson\u2019s Disease Using a Set of Wearable Sensors","volume":"16","author":"Rigas","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Technol. Biomed."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sam\u00e0, A., P\u00e9rez-Lopez, C., Romagosa, J., Rodr\u00edguez-Mart\u00edn, D., Catal\u00e0, A., Cabestany, J., P\u00e9rez-Mart\u00ednez, D.A., and Rodr\u00edguez-Molinero, A. (September, January 28). Dyskinesia and motor state detection in Parkinson\u2019s Disease patients with a single movement sensor. Proceedings of the 2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, San Diego, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2012.6346150"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2006.886670","article-title":"Quantification of Tremor and Bradykinesia in Parkinson\u2019s Disease Using a Novel Ambulatory Monitoring System","volume":"54","author":"Salarian","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968311424869","article-title":"Toward Automated, At-Home Assessment of Mobility Among Patients With Parkinson Disease, Using a Body-Worn Accelerometer","volume":"25","author":"Weiss","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurorehabil. Neural Repair."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2010.2090044","article-title":"A Web-Based System for Home Monitoring of Patients With Parkinson\u2019s Disease Using Wearable Sensors","volume":"58","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patel, S., Chen, B., Buckley, T., Rednic, R., McClure, D., Tarsy, D., Shih, L., Dy, J., Welsh, M., and Bonato, P. (September, January 31). Home monitoring of patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease via wearable technology and a web-based application. Proceedings of the 2010 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology, Buenos Aires, Argentina.","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2010.5627124"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26642","article-title":"Movement Disorders Society Task Force on Technology. Technology in Parkinson\u2019s disease: Challenges and opportunities","volume":"31","author":"Espay","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21329","DOI":"10.3390\/s141121329","article-title":"PERFORM: A System for Monitoring, Assessment and Management of Patients with Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"14","author":"Tzallas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17235","DOI":"10.3390\/s140917235","article-title":"Wearability Assessment of a Wearable System for Parkinson\u2019s Disease Remote Monitoring Based on a Body Area Network of Sensors","volume":"14","author":"Cancela","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2015.0026","article-title":"Body-Worn Sensors in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Evaluating Their Acceptability to Patients","volume":"22","author":"Fisher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Telemed. e-Health"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2016.09.009","article-title":"Unsupervised home monitoring of Parkinson\u2019s disease motor symptoms using body-worn accelerometers","volume":"33","author":"Fisher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Dis."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e175","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.3465","article-title":"A Web-Based Non-Intrusive Ambient System to Measure and Classify Activities of Daily Living","volume":"16","author":"Stucki","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sch\u00fctz, N., Saner, H., Rudin, B., Botros, A., Pais, B., Santschi, V., Buluschek, P., Gatica-Perez, D., Urwyler, P., and Marchal-Crespo, L. (2019). Validity of pervasive computing based continuous physical activity assessment in community-dwelling old and oldest-old. Sci. Rep., 9.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45733-8"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ElHelw, M., Pansiot, J., McIlwraith, D., Ali, R., Lo, B., and Atallah, L. (2009, January 1\u20133). An integrated multi-sensing framework for pervasive healthcare monitoring. Proceedings of the 2009 3rd International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare, London, UK.","DOI":"10.4108\/ICST.PERVASIVEHEALTH2009.6038"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doherty, A., Jackson, D., Hammerla, N., Pl\u00f6tz, T., Olivier, P., Granat, M.H., White, T., Hees, V.T.V., Trenell, M.I., and Owen, C.G. (2017). Large Scale Population Assessment of Physical Activity Using Wrist Worn Accelerometers: The UK Biobank Study. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169649"},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"114","article-title":"Determining What Individual SUS Scores Mean: Adding an Adjective Rating Scale","volume":"4","author":"Bangor","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Usability Stud."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2007.03.013","article-title":"Participation Rates in Epidemiologic Studies","volume":"17","author":"Galea","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Axivity (2019, November 25). AX3. Available online: http:\/\/www.axivity.com\/product\/1."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Domosafety (2019, November 25). DomoCare\/DomoMedical. Available online: http:\/\/www.domo-safety.com\/en\/for-seniors\/."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Rogers, E.M. (1983). Diffusion of Innovations, Collier Macmillan. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brooke, J., Jordan, P., Thomas, B., Weerdmeester, B., and McClelland, I. (1996). Usability evaluation in industriy. SUS: A \u2018Quick and Dirty\u2019 Usability Scale, Redhatch Consulting Ltd.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781498710411"},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Reinhard, W., Ruegenhagen, E., and Rummel, B. (2019, January 12). System Usability Scale\u2014Jetzt auch auf Deutsch. Available online: https:\/\/experience.sap.com\/skillup\/system-usability-scale-jetzt-auch-auf-deutsch\/."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2016.2536278","article-title":"Gait Event Detection in Real-World Environment for Long-Term Applications: Incorporating Domain Knowledge Into Time-Frequency Analysis","volume":"24","author":"Khandelwal","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/19\/23\/5169\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:37:31Z","timestamp":1760189851000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/19\/23\/5169"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["s19235169"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s19235169","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]]}}}