{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T22:00:02Z","timestamp":1769637602331,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,28]],"date-time":"2019-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11004086, 61675092, 61275046, 61475066, 61405075, 61601404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11004086, 61675092, 61275046, 61475066, 61405075, 61601404"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ERC MIRTHE award and NeTS Large \u201cASTRO\u201d award (No. R3H685)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERC MIRTHE award and NeTS Large \u201cASTRO\u201d award (No. R3H685)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000928","name":"Welch Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C-0586"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C-0586"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000928","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A novel quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) sensor based on a micro quartz tuning fork (QTF) is reported. As a photoacoustic transducer, a novel micro QTF was 3.7 times smaller than the usually used standard QTF, resulting in a gas sampling volume of ~0.1 mm3. As a proof of concept, water vapor in the air was detected by using 1.39 \u03bcm distributed feedback (DFB) laser. A detailed analysis of the performance of a QEPAS sensor based on the micro QTF was performed by detecting atmosphere H2O. The laser focus position and the laser modulation depth were optimized to improve the QEPAS excitation efficiency. A pair of acoustic micro resonators (AmRs) was assembled with the micro QTF in an on-beam configuration to enhance the photoacoustic signal. The AmRs geometry was optimized to amplify the acoustic resonance. With a 1 s integration time, a normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient (NNEA) of 1.97 \u00d7 10\u22128 W\u00b7cm\u22121\u00b7Hz\u22121\/2 was achieved when detecting H2O at less than 1 atm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19235240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,28]],"date-time":"2019-11-28T10:54:10Z","timestamp":1574938450000},"page":"5240","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Application of Micro Quartz Tuning Fork in Trace Gas Sensing by Use of Quartz-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Haoyang","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruifeng","family":"Kan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huadan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key 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Fiber Sensing and Communications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianhui","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2245-7565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank K.","family":"Tittel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1366\/14-00001","article-title":"Applications of absorption spectroscopy using quantum cascade lasers","volume":"68","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. 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