{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T16:05:51Z","timestamp":1785254751559,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,6]],"date-time":"2019-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61975142"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61975142"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development (R&amp;D) Projects of Shanxi Province","award":["201803D121071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201803D121071"]}]},{"name":"Social Development Project of Shanxi Province Key Research Plan","award":["201703D321037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201703D321037"]}]},{"name":"Coal-Bed Methane Joint Research Fund of Shanxi Province","award":["2015012005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015012005"]}]},{"name":"Coal-Bed Methane Joint Research Fund of Shanxi Province","award":["2016012011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016012011"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004480","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201701D221115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201701D221115"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004480","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China","award":["2016-035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016-035"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Phase-drift elimination is crucial to vibration recovery in the coherent detection phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry system. The phase drift drives the whole phase signal fluctuation as a baseline, and its negative effect is obvious when the detection time is long. In this paper, empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is presented to extract and eliminate the phase drift adaptively. It decomposes the signal by utilizing the characteristic time scale of the data, and the baseline is eventually obtained. It is validated by theory and experiment that the phase drift deteriorates seriously when the length of the vibration region increases. In an experiment, the phase drift was eliminated under the conditions of different vibration frequencies of 1 Hz, 5 Hz, and 10 Hz. The phase drift was also eliminated with different vibration intensities. Furthermore, the linear relationship between phase and vibration intensity is demonstrated with a correlation coefficient of 99.99%. The vibrations at 0.5 Hz and 0.3 Hz were detected with signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of 55.58 dB and 64.44 dB. With this method, when the vibration frequency is at the level of Hz or sub-Hz, the phase drift can be eliminated. This contributes to the detection and recovery of low-frequency perturbation events in practical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19245392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,6]],"date-time":"2019-12-06T10:41:44Z","timestamp":1575628904000},"page":"5392","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Eliminating Phase Drift for Distributed Optical Fiber Acoustic Sensing System with Empirical Mode Decomposition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yuejuan","family":"Lv","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems (Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province), College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengfei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electrical and Power Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4919-4390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems (Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province), College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems (Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province), College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems (Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province), College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peihong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems (Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province), College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongjuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electrical and Power Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electrical and Power Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5737-0374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baoquan","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems (Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province), College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Coal and CBM Co-mining, Jincheng 048000, Shanxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27367","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.20.027367","article-title":"Highly sensitive liquid-level sensor based on dual-wavelength double-ring fiber laser assisted by beat frequency interrogation","volume":"20","author":"Dai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Opt. 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