{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:17:57Z","timestamp":1780618677691,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]],"date-time":"2019-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Joint angle and frequency estimation is an important branch in array signal processing with numerous applications in radar, sonar, wireless communications, etc. Extensive attention has been paid and numerous algorithms have been developed. However, existing algorithms rely on accurately quantified measurements. In this paper, we stress the problem of angle and frequency estimation for sensor arrays using one-bit measurements. The relationship between the covariance matrices of one-bit measurement and that of the accurately quantified measurement is extended to the tensor domain. Moreover, a one-bit parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) estimator is proposed. The simulation results show that the angle and frequency estimation can be quickly achieved and correctly paired.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19245422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]],"date-time":"2019-12-09T11:22:51Z","timestamp":1575890571000},"page":"5422","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Joint Angle and Frequency Estimation Using One-Bit Measurements"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Zeyang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Demonstration Center for Experimental Electrical and Electronic Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9910-0663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junpeng","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National University of Defense Technology, Hefei 230037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinhai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing Marine Radar Institute, Nanjing 211153, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangqing","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Demonstration Center for Experimental Electrical and Electronic Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, F., Wu, T., and Yuce, M. 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