{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T11:04:13Z","timestamp":1780657453699,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]],"date-time":"2019-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aptamers are synthetic bio-receptors of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA) origin selected by the systematic evolution of ligands (SELEX) process that bind a broad range of target analytes with high affinity and specificity. So far, electrochemical biosensors have come up as a simple and sensitive method to utilize aptamers as a bio-recognition element. Numerous aptamer based sensors have been developed for clinical diagnostics, food, and environmental monitoring and several other applications are under development. Aptasensors are capable of extending the limits of current analytical techniques in clinical diagnostics, food, and environmental sample analysis. However, the potential applications of aptamer based electrochemical biosensors are unlimited; current applications are observed in the areas of food toxins, clinical biomarkers, and pesticide detection. This review attempts to enumerate the most representative examples of research progress in aptamer based electrochemical biosensing principles that have been developed in recent years. Additionally, this account will discuss various current developments on aptamer-based sensors toward heavy metal detection, for various cardiac biomarkers, antibiotics detection, and also on how the aptamers can be deployed to couple with antibody-based assays as a hybrid sensing platform. Aptamers can be used in various applications, however, this account will focus on the recent advancements made toward food, environmental, and clinical diagnostic application. This review paper compares various electrochemical aptamer based sensor detection strategies that have been applied so far and used as a state of the art. As illustrated in the literature, aptamers have been utilized extensively for environmental, cancer biomarker, biomedical application, and antibiotic detection and thus have been extensively discussed in this article.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19245435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]],"date-time":"2019-12-10T10:52:41Z","timestamp":1575975161000},"page":"5435","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"title":["Application of Electrochemical Aptasensors toward Clinical Diagnostics, Food, and Environmental Monitoring: Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3552-7545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhanhong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China"},{"name":"School of Environmental and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China"},{"name":"Research Center of Resource Recycling Science and Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona A.","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry Dept., National Organization for Drug Control and Research [NODCAR], 6 Abu Hazem Street, Pyramids Ave, 29, Giza 99999, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6335-4426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. M.","family":"Vinu Mohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrodics &amp; Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0911-179X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhigang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China"},{"name":"School of Environmental and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China"},{"name":"Research Center of Resource Recycling Science and Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinay","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4179-6207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geetesh K.","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiscale Fluid Mechanics Lab, School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 44-746, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rupesh K.","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e223","DOI":"10.1038\/mtna.2014.74","article-title":"Aptamer Selection Technology and Recent Advances","volume":"4","author":"Blind","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. 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