{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T14:56:04Z","timestamp":1781189764567,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,13]],"date-time":"2019-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41701536"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41701536"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41674040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41674040"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61701047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61701047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41201468"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41201468"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","award":["2017JJ3322"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017JJ3322"]}]},{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","award":["2019JJ50639"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019JJ50639"]}]},{"name":"Graduate Student Research Innovation Fund of Hunan Province","award":["CX2018B544"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX2018B544"]}]},{"name":"the Key Project of Education Department of Hunan Province","award":["18A148"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18A148"]}]},{"name":"the Key Project of Education Department of Hunan Province","award":["16B004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16B004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Compared to traditional coal mines, the mining-induced dynamic deformation of drilling solution mining activities may result in even more serious damage to surface buildings and infrastructures due to the different exploitation mode. Therefore, long-term dynamic monitoring and analysis of rock salt mines is extremely important for preventing potential geological damages. In this work, the small baseline subset Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SBAS-InSAR) technique with Sentinel\u22121A imagery is utilized to monitor the ground surface deformation of a rock salt mining area. The time-series analysis is carried out to obtain the spatial\u2013temporal characteristics of land subsidence caused by drilling solution mining activities. A typical rock salt mine in Changde, China is selected as the test site. Twenty-four scenes of Sentinel\u22121A image data acquired from June 2015 to January 2017 are used to obtain the time-series subsidence of the test mine. The temporal\u2013spatial evolution of the derived settlement funnels is revealed. The time-series deformation on typical feature points has been analyzed. Experimental results show that the obtained drilling solution mining-induced subsidence has a spatial characteristic of multiplied peaks along the transversal direction. Temporally, the large-scale surface settlement for the rock salt mine area begins to appear in September 2016, with a time lag of 8 months, and shows an obvious seasonal fluctuation. The maximum cumulative subsidence is detected up to 199 mm. These subsiding characteristics are consistent with the connected groove mining method used in drilling water solution mines. To evaluate the reliability of the results, the SBAS-derived results are compared with the field-leveling measurements. The estimated root mean square error (RMSE) of \u00b111 mm indicates a high consistency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19245511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,13]],"date-time":"2019-12-13T11:27:22Z","timestamp":1576236442000},"page":"5511","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Mining-Induced Time-Series Deformation Investigation Based on SBAS-InSAR Technique: A Case Study of Drilling Water Solution Rock Salt Mine"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Xiangbin","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Radar Remote Sensing Applications, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410014, China"},{"name":"School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuemin","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Radar Remote Sensing Applications, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410014, China"},{"name":"School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debao","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geographical Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lifu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Radar Remote Sensing Applications, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410014, China"},{"name":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7100-826X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhihui","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Radar Remote Sensing Applications, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410014, China"},{"name":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Radar Remote Sensing Applications, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410014, China"},{"name":"School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianbo","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Radar Remote Sensing Applications, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410014, China"},{"name":"School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Natural Resources, PRC (2018). 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