{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T09:14:22Z","timestamp":1775726062268,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,14]],"date-time":"2019-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DPI2016-80303-C2-1-P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DPI2016-80303-C2-1-P"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In a constantly evolving world, new technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud-based services offer great opportunities in many fields. In this paper we propose a new approach to the development of smart sensors using IoT and cloud computing, which open new interesting possibilities in analytical chemistry. According to IoT philosophy, these new sensors are able to integrate the generated data on the existing IoT platforms, so that information may be used whenever needed. Furthermore, the utilization of these technologies permits one to obtain sensors with significantly enhanced features using the information available in the cloud. To validate our new approach, a bicarbonate IoT-based smart sensor has been developed. A classical CO2 ion selective electrode (ISE) utilizes the pH information retrieved from the cloud and then provides an indirect measurement of bicarbonate concentration, which is offered to the cloud. The experimental data obtained are compared to those yielded by three other classical ISEs, with satisfactory results being achieved in most instances. Additionally, this methodology leads to lower-consumption, low-cost bicarbonate sensors capable of being employed within an IoT application, for instance in the continuous monitoring of HCO3\u2212 in rivers. Most importantly, this innovative application field of IoT and cloud approaches can be clearly perceived as an indicator for future developments over the short-term.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19245528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]],"date-time":"2019-12-16T05:19:38Z","timestamp":1576473578000},"page":"5528","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["A New Application of Internet of Things and Cloud Services in Analytical Chemistry: Determination of Bicarbonate in Water"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3879-9826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. V.","family":"Capella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto ITACA, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Ciutat Polit\u00e8cnica de la Innovaci\u00f3, Camino de Vera s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3639-8420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Bonastre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto ITACA, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Ciutat Polit\u00e8cnica de la Innovaci\u00f3, Camino de Vera s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Ors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto ITACA, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Ciutat Polit\u00e8cnica de la Innovaci\u00f3, Camino de Vera s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Peris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3865","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1015895108","article-title":"Fish as major carbonate mud producers and missing components of the tropical carbonate factory","volume":"108","author":"Perry","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. 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