{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T11:32:01Z","timestamp":1768735921699,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]],"date-time":"2019-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Project of Hainan Province Science and Technology Plan","award":["ZDKJ2017005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDKJ2017005"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NO.41530960"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NO.41530960"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["XDA19060403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA19060403"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Project","award":["2018YFC0307905"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC0307905"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the shallow-water environment, underwater images often present problems like color deviation and low contrast due to light absorption and scattering in the water body, but for deep-sea images, additional problems like uneven brightness and regional color shift can also exist, due to the use of chromatic and inhomogeneous artificial lighting devices. Since the latter situation is rarely studied in the field of underwater image enhancement, we propose a new model to include it in the analysis of underwater image degradation. Based on the theoretical study of the new model, a comprehensive method for enhancing underwater images under different illumination conditions is proposed in this paper. The proposed method is composed of two modules: color-tone correction and fusion-based descattering. In the first module, the regional or full-extent color deviation caused by different types of incident light is corrected via frequency-based color-tone estimation. And in the second module, the residual low contrast and pixel-wise color shift problems are handled by combining the descattering results under the assumption of different states of the image. The proposed method is experimented on laboratory and open-water images of different depths and illumination states. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms many other methods in enhancing the quality of different types of underwater images, and is especially effective in improving the color accuracy and information content in badly-illuminated regions of underwater images with non-uniform illumination, such as deep-sea images.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19245567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]],"date-time":"2019-12-17T02:59:01Z","timestamp":1576551541000},"page":"5567","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["An Underwater Image Enhancement Method for Different Illumination Conditions Based on Color Tone Correction and Fusion-Based Descattering"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yidan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Ocean and Earth Science, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"},{"name":"Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hainan 572000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huiping","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hainan 572000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dinghui","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Ocean and Earth Science, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"},{"name":"Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hainan 572000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hainan 572000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangqian","family":"Quan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hainan 572000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2012.04.006","article-title":"Vision-Based Object Detection and Tracking for Autonomous Navigation of Underwater Robots","volume":"48","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ocean Eng."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1862","article-title":"Feature Learning and Object Recognition Framework for Underwater Fish Images","volume":"25","author":"Chuang","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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