{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T14:28:14Z","timestamp":1782224894997,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]],"date-time":"2019-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2017YFE0122400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFE0122400"]}]},{"name":"the Hainan Provincial Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["ZDYF2018073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDYF2018073"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41601466"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41601466"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41575111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41575111"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, CAS","award":["2018LDE003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018LDE003"]}]},{"name":"the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS","award":["2017085"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017085"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fusarium head blight in winter wheat ears produces the highly toxic mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON), which is a serious problem affecting human and animal health. Disease identification directly on ears is important for selective harvesting. This study aimed to investigate the spectroscopic identification of Fusarium head blight by applying continuous wavelet analysis (CWA) to the reflectance spectra (350 to 2500 nm) of wheat ears. First, continuous wavelet transform was used on each of the reflectance spectra and a wavelet power scalogram as a function of wavelength location and the scale of decomposition was generated. The coefficient of determination R2 between wavelet powers and the disease infestation ratio were calculated by using linear regression. The intersections of the top 5% regions ranking in descending order based on the R2 values and the statistically significant (p-value of t-test &lt; 0.001) wavelet regions were retained as the sensitive wavelet feature regions. The wavelet powers with the highest R2 values of each sensitive region were retained as the initial wavelet features. A threshold was set for selecting the optimal wavelet features based on the coefficient of correlation R obtained via the correlation analysis among the initial wavelet features. The results identified six wavelet features which include (471 nm, scale 4), (696 nm, scale 1), (841 nm, scale 4), (963 nm, scale 3), (1069 nm, scale 3), and (2272 nm, scale 4). A model for identifying Fusarium head blight based on the six wavelet features was then established using Fisher linear discriminant analysis. The model performed well, providing an overall accuracy of 88.7% and a kappa coefficient of 0.775, suggesting that the spectral features obtained using CWA can potentially reflect the infestation of Fusarium head blight in winter wheat ears.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20010020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]],"date-time":"2019-12-23T03:15:01Z","timestamp":1577070901000},"page":"20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Identification of Fusarium Head Blight in Winter Wheat Ears Using Continuous Wavelet Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5577-8632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huiqin","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science &amp; Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1710-8301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenjiang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanshu","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science &amp; Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0587-8926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Pignatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis (CNR, IMAA), Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6108-9764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Laneve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Observation and Satellite Image Applications Laboratory (EOSIAL), School of Aerospace Engineering (SIA), Sapienza University of Rome, Via Salaria 851-881, 00138 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2865-5020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingying","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7836-497X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huichun","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4587-2489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linyi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anting","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122-005-0026-z","article-title":"Development and characterization of wheat-Leymus racemosus translocation lines with resistance to Fusarium Head Blight","volume":"111","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Theo. 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