{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T14:10:46Z","timestamp":1790086246613,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":134,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]],"date-time":"2019-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61571444"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61571444"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nitrite and nitrate are widely found in various water environments but the potential toxicity of nitrite and nitrate poses a great threat to human health. Recently, many methods have been developed to detect nitrate and nitrite in water. One of them is to use graphene-based materials. Graphene is a two-dimensional carbon nano-material with sp2 hybrid orbital, which has a large surface area and excellent conductivity and electron transfer ability. It is widely used for modifying electrodes for electrochemical sensors. Graphene based electrochemical sensors have the advantages of being low cost, effective and efficient for nitrite and nitrate detection. This paper reviews the application of graphene-based nanomaterials for electrochemical detection of nitrate and nitrite in water. The properties and advantages of the electrodes were modified by graphene, graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite in the development of nitrite sensors are discussed in detail. Based on the review, the paper summarizes the working conditions and performance of different sensors, including working potential, pH, detection range, detection limit, sensitivity, reproducibility, repeatability and long-term stability. Furthermore, the challenges and suggestions for future research on the application of graphene-based nanocomposite electrochemical sensors for nitrite detection are also highlighted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20010054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]],"date-time":"2019-12-23T03:15:01Z","timestamp":1577070901000},"page":"54","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Application of Graphene-Based Materials for Detection of Nitrate and Nitrite in Water\u2014A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Daoliang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"China-EU Center for Information and Communication Technologies in Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Internet of Things in Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"China-EU Center for Information and Communication Technologies in Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Internet of Things in Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"China-EU Center for Information and Communication Technologies in Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Internet of Things in Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianbao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"China-EU Center for Information and Communication Technologies in Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Internet of Things in Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"China-EU Center for Information and Communication Technologies in Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Internet of Things in Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4205-7403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanqing","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Business school, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3BE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., and Ran, W. 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