{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T17:05:37Z","timestamp":1778173537628,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,21]],"date-time":"2019-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004504","name":"Lietuvos Mokslo Taryba","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P-LU-18-53"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P-LU-18-53"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004504","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this research we report the gas-sensing properties of TiO2-x\/TiO2-based hetero-structure, which was \u2018self-heated\u2019 by current that at constant potential passed through the structure. Amperometric measurements were applied for the evaluation of sensor response towards ethanol, methanol, n-propanol and acetone gases\/vapours. The sensitivity towards these gases was based on electrical resistance changes, which were determined by amperometric measurements of current at fixed voltage applied between Pt-based contacts\/electrodes deposited on the TiO2-x\/TiO2-based layer. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the formation of TiO2-x\/TiO2-based hetero-structure, which is mainly based on Ti3O5\/TiO2 formed during the hydro-thermal oxidation-based sensing-layer preparation process. Additionally, photoluminescence and time-resolved photoluminescence decay kinetics-based signals of this sensing structure revealed the presence of TiO2 mainly in the anatase phase in the TiO2-x\/TiO2-based hetero-structure, which was formed at 400 \u00b0C annealing temperature. The evaluation of TiO2-x\/TiO2-based gas-sensing layer was performed at several different temperatures (25 \u00b0C, 72 \u00b0C, 150 \u00b0C, 180 \u00b0C) and at these temperatures different sensitivity to the aforementioned gaseous materials was determined.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20010074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]],"date-time":"2019-12-23T03:15:01Z","timestamp":1577070901000},"page":"74","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["TiO2-x\/TiO2-Structure Based \u2018Self-Heated\u2019 Sensor for the Determination of Some Reducing Gases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1432-3866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simonas","family":"Ramanavicius","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4640-0881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alla","family":"Tereshchenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Information Technologies, Odesa National I.I. Mechnikov University, Pastera 42, 65023 Odesa, Ukraine"},{"name":"Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5884-4538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata","family":"Karpicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9931-4397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vilma","family":"Ratautaite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania"},{"name":"Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania"}]},{"given":"Urte","family":"Bubniene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania"},{"name":"Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4666-2996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Audrius","family":"Maneikis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania"}]},{"given":"Arunas","family":"Jagminas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0885-3556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arunas","family":"Ramanavicius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania"},{"name":"Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Wu, T., Zhou, Y., Meng, C., Zhu, W., and Liu, L. 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