{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T08:03:43Z","timestamp":1770710623323,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,21]],"date-time":"2019-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIHR through the Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre","award":["IS-BRC-1215-20017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IS-BRC-1215-20017"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme and EFPIA via the Innovative Medicine Initiative 2","award":["IMI22017-13-7-820820"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IMI22017-13-7-820820"]}]},{"name":"UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, MultiSim","award":["EP\/K03877X\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/K03877X\/1"]}]},{"name":"UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, MultiSim2","award":["EP\/S032940\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/S032940\/1"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health, Ricerca Corrente","award":["GR-2009-1604984"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GR-2009-1604984"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inertial measurement units (IMUs) allow accurate quantification of gait impairment of people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). Nonetheless, it is not clear how IMU-based metrics might be influenced by pragmatic aspects associated with clinical translation of this approach, such as data collection settings and gait protocols. In this study, we hypothesised that these aspects do not significantly alter those characteristics of gait that are more related to quality and energetic efficiency and are quantifiable via acceleration related metrics, such as intensity, smoothness, stability, symmetry, and regularity. To test this hypothesis, we compared 33 IMU-based metrics extracted from data, retrospectively collected by two independent centres on two matched cohorts of pwMS. As a worst-case scenario, a walking test was performed in the two centres at a different speed along corridors of different lengths, using different IMU systems, which were also positioned differently. The results showed that the majority of the temporal metrics (9 out of 12) exhibited significant between-centre differences. Conversely, the between-centre differences in the gait quality metrics were small and comparable to those associated with a test-retest analysis under equivalent conditions. Therefore, the gait quality metrics are promising candidates for reliable multi-centric studies aiming at assessing rehabilitation interventions within a routine clinical context.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20010079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]],"date-time":"2019-12-23T03:15:01Z","timestamp":1577070901000},"page":"79","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Is a Wearable Sensor-Based Characterisation of Gait Robust Enough to Overcome Differences Between Measurement Protocols? A Multi-Centric Pragmatic Study in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4763-7717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenza","family":"Angelini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK"},{"name":"Insigneo Institute for in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7486-0706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilaria","family":"Carpinella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, 20121 Milan, Italy"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Cattaneo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, 20121 Milan, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7797-2399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurizio","family":"Ferrarin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, 20121 Milan, Italy"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Gervasoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, 20121 Milan, Italy"}]},{"given":"Basil","family":"Sharrack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield NIHR Neuroscience BRC, Sheffield Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Paling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheffield Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK"}]},{"given":"Krishnan Padmakumari Sivaraman","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Insigneo Institute for in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK"},{"name":"Academic Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield NIHR Neuroscience BRC, Sheffield Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5215-1746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Mazz\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK"},{"name":"Insigneo Institute for in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000768","article-title":"Atlas of Multiple Sclerosis 2013: A growing global problem with widespread inequity","volume":"83","author":"Browne","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2006.01342.x","article-title":"The epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in Europe","volume":"13","author":"Pugliatti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. 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