{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:53:00Z","timestamp":1760241180432,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,22]],"date-time":"2019-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Stretchable conductive materials are originally conceived as radio frequency (RF) and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials, and, under stretch, they generally function as distributed strain-gauges. These commercially available conductive elastomers have found their space in low power health monitoring systems, for example, to monitor respiratory and cardiac functions. Conductive elastomers do not behave linearly due to material constraints; hence, when used as a sensor, a full characterisation to identify ideal operating ranges are required. In this paper, we studied how the continuous stretch cycles affected the material electrical and physical properties in different embodiment impressed by bodily volume change. We simulated the stretch associated with breathing using a bespoke stress rig to ensure reproducibility of results. The stretch rig is capable of providing constant sinusoidal waves in the physiological ranges of extension and frequency. The material performances is evaluated assessing the total harmonic distortion (THD), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), correlation coefficient, peak to peak (P-P) amplitude, accuracy, repeatability, hysteresis, delay, and washability. The results showed that, among the three controlled variables, stretch length, stretch frequency and fabric width, the most significant factor to the signal quality is the stretch length. The ideal working region is within 2% of the original length. The material cut in strips of &gt;3 mm show more reliable to handle a variety of stretch parameter without losing its internal characteristics and electrical properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20010090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]],"date-time":"2019-12-23T03:15:01Z","timestamp":1577070901000},"page":"90","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Characterisation of Morphic Sensors for Body Volume and Shape Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5852-5828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sami","family":"El Arja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1849-4235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Titus","family":"Jayarathna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Milperra, NSW 2560, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1790-9838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ganesh","family":"Naik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Milperra, NSW 2560, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8860-2086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Breen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Milperra, NSW 2560, Australia"},{"name":"Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2616-2804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaetano","family":"Gargiulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia"},{"name":"MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Milperra, NSW 2560, Australia"},{"name":"Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia"},{"name":"School of Psychiatry and Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2052, Australia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.1.2001008","article-title":"Sleep-disordered breathing and cardiovascular disease: Cross-sectional results of the Sleep Heart Health Study","volume":"163","author":"Shahar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. 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