{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T08:37:26Z","timestamp":1777192646521,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]],"date-time":"2019-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577059200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"department of science and technology","award":["IF120812"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF120812"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P18411"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P18411"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000690","name":"Research councils UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/P027881\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/P027881\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000690","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Metabolic syndrome is a condition that results from dysfunction of different metabolic pathways leading to increased risk of disorders such as hyperglycemia, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders etc. As this condition cannot be diagnosed based on a single marker, multiple markers need to be detected and quantified to assess the risk facing an individual of metabolic syndrome. In this context, chemical- and bio-sensors capable of detecting multiple analytes may provide an appropriate diagnostic strategy. Research in this field has resulted in the evolution of sensors from the first generation to a fourth generation of \u2018smart\u2019 sensors. A shift in the sensing paradigm involving the sensing element and transduction strategy has also resulted in remarkable advancements in biomedical diagnostics particularly in terms of higher sensitivity and selectivity towards analyte molecule and rapid response time. This review encapsulates the significant advancements reported so far in the field of sensors developed for biomarkers of metabolic syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20010103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,24]],"date-time":"2019-12-24T05:56:15Z","timestamp":1577166975000},"page":"103","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Metabolic Syndrome\u2014An Emerging Constellation of Risk Factors: Electrochemical Detection Strategies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Madhurantakam","family":"Sasya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Physiology, School of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata-9518510, Japan"},{"name":"Centre for Nanotechnology &amp; Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur 613401, India"},{"name":"School of Chemical &amp; Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur 613401, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. S. Shalini","family":"Devi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Nanotechnology &amp; Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur 613401, India"},{"name":"School of Chemical &amp; Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur 613401, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jayanth K.","family":"Babu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Nanotechnology &amp; Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur 613401, India"},{"name":"School of Electrical &amp; Electronics Engineering, SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur 613401, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John Bosco","family":"Balaguru Rayappan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Nanotechnology &amp; Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur 613401, India"},{"name":"School of Electrical &amp; Electronics Engineering, SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur 613401, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uma Maheswari","family":"Krishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Physiology, School of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata-9518510, Japan"},{"name":"School of Chemical &amp; Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur 613401, India"},{"name":"School of Arts, Science &amp; Humanities, SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur 613401, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2014.03.029","article-title":"Inflammasomes and metabolic disorders: Old genes in modern diseases","volume":"54","author":"Robbins","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. 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