{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T23:04:08Z","timestamp":1778195048689,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,24]],"date-time":"2019-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Science and Technology Plan Project of Shenzhen","award":["Grant No. JCYJ20180305125443569"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant No. JCYJ20180305125443569"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant Nos. 61505111, 11604216, and 11775147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant Nos. 61505111, 11604216, and 11775147"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The extraordinary optoelectronic properties of platinum diselenide (PtSe2), whose structure is similar to graphene and phosphorene, has attracted great attention in new rapidly developed two-dimensional (2D) materials beyond the other 2D material family members. We have investigated the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors through PtSe2 with the transfer matrix method. The simulation results show that the anticipated PtSe2 biochemical sensors have the ability to detect analytic. It is evident that only the sensitivities of Ag or Au film biochemical sensors were observed at 118\u00b0\/RIU (refractive index unit) and 130\u00b0\/RIU, whereas the sensitivities of the PtSe2-based biochemical sensors reached as high as 162\u00b0\/RIU (Ag film) and 165\u00b0\/RIU (Au film). The diverse biosensor sensitivities with PtSe2 suggest that this kind of 2D material can adapt SPR sensor properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20010131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,24]],"date-time":"2019-12-24T10:28:43Z","timestamp":1577183323000},"page":"131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":120,"title":["Sensitivity Enhancement of a Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor with Platinum Diselenide"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Yue","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhongfu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haiqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8800-7597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Saeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Houzhi","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1038\/332615a0","article-title":"Surface\u2013plasmon microscopy","volume":"332","author":"Knoll","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1039\/C4NR05495D","article-title":"Differentiating surface and bulk interactions in nanoplasmonic interferometric sensor arrays","volume":"7","author":"Zeng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4755","DOI":"10.1039\/c3lc50863c","article-title":"Plasmonic interferometric sensor arrays for high-performance label-free biomolecular detection","volume":"13","author":"Gao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.201000009","article-title":"Sensitivity-enhancement methods for surface plasmon sensors","volume":"5","author":"Shalabney","year":"2011","journal-title":"Laser Photonics Rev."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3530","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1287631","article-title":"Imaging surface plasmon resonance sensor based on multiple wavelengths: Sensitivity considerations","volume":"71","author":"Johansen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Instrum."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6282","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.6b12858","article-title":"Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Enhanced Phase-Sensitive Plasmonic Biosensors: Theoretical Insight","volume":"121","author":"Ouyang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"305005","article-title":"A firstprinciples investigation of various gas (CO, H2O, NO, and O2) absorptions on a WS2 monolayer: Stability and electronic properties","volume":"27","author":"Bui","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Phys."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1364\/PRJ.6.000485","article-title":"Sensitivity-enhanced surface plasmon resonance sensor utilizing a tungsten disulfide (WS2) nanosheets overlayer","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Photonics Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9366","DOI":"10.1039\/C6TC03074B","article-title":"Biaxial strain tuned thermoelectric properties in monolayer PtSe2","volume":"4","author":"Guo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10224","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201602889","article-title":"Facile Synthesis of Single Crystal PtSe2 Nanosheets for Nanoscale Electronics","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2012.193","article-title":"Electronics and optoelectronics of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys1270","article-title":"Topological insulators in Bi2Se3, Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 with a single Dirac cone on the surface","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Phys."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.81.109","article-title":"The electronic properties of graphene","volume":"81","author":"Guinea","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev. Mod. Phys."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1102896","article-title":"Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films","volume":"306","author":"Novoselov","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2011.08.039","article-title":"Sensitivity enhancement of a surface plasmon resonance based biomolecules sensor using graphene and silicon layers","volume":"160","author":"Verma","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79085","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2922663","article-title":"A Hi-Bi Ultra-Sensitive Surface Plasmon Resonance Fiber Sensor","volume":"7","author":"Cordeiro","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30347","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.26.030347","article-title":"Dual-polarized highly sensitive plasmonic sensor in the visible to near-IR spectrum","volume":"26","author":"Sultana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.44.001134","article-title":"Localized surface plasmon resonance biosensor: An improved technique for SERS response intensification","volume":"44","author":"Sultana","year":"2019","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14395","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.18.014395","article-title":"Highly sensitive graphene biosensors based on surface plasmon resonance","volume":"18","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2016.2624982","article-title":"Sensitivity Improved SPR Biosensor Based on the MoS2\/Graphene\u2013Aluminum Hybrid Structure","volume":"35","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Lightwave Technol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, Z., Jiang, L., Wu, L., Guo, J., Dai, X., Xiang, Y., and Fan, D. (2016). Tuning and Sensitivity Enhancement of Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor With Graphene Covered Au-MoS2-Au Films. IEEE Photonics J., 8.","DOI":"10.1109\/JPHOT.2016.2631407"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2015.08.1114","article-title":"Sensitivity enhancement of MoS2 nanosheet based surface Plasmon resonance biosensor","volume":"140","author":"Ouyang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Eng."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9550","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6b04898","article-title":"High-Performance Hybrid Electronic Devices from Layered PtSe2 Films Grown at Low Temperature","volume":"10","author":"Yim","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4306","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201505402","article-title":"Layered Platinum Dichalcogenides (PtS2, PtSe2, and PtTe2) Electrocatalysis: Monotonic Dependence on the Chalcogen Size","volume":"26","author":"Chia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, K., Yan, M., Zhang, H., Huang, H., Arita, M., Sun, Z., Duan, W., Wu, Y., and Zhou, S. (2017). Experimental evidence for type-II Dirac semimetal in PtSe2. Phys. Rev. B, 96.","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.96.125102"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4013","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.5b00964","article-title":"Monolayer PtSe2, a New Semiconducting Transition-Metal-Dichalcogenide, Epitaxially Grown by Direct Selenization of Pt","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20440","DOI":"10.1021\/jp405808a","article-title":"Computational Search for Single-Layer Transition-Metal Dichalcogenide Photocatalysts","volume":"117","author":"Zhuang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3106","DOI":"10.1039\/C6TC00130K","article-title":"Tuning the electronic properties of monolayer and bilayer PtSe2 via strain engineering","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Lloyd, S. (2018, October 01). Graphene Flagship, AWE International. Available online: http:\/\/www.aweimagazine.com\/article\/environmental-sensing-with-graphene\/."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sajjad, M., Montes, E., Singh, N., and Schwingenschl\u00f6gl, U. (2017). Superior Gas Sensing Properties of Monolayer PtSe2. Adv. Mater. Interfaces, 4.","DOI":"10.1002\/admi.201600911"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2005.08.019","article-title":"Sensor properties and surface characterization of the metal-deposited SPR optical fiber sensors with Au, Ag, Cu, and Al","volume":"125","author":"Mitsushio","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators A Phys."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2008.11.019","article-title":"Sensitivity enhancement of SPR biosensor with silver mirror reaction on the Ag\/Au film","volume":"78","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raether, H. (1988). Surface Plasmons on Smooth and Rough Surfaces and on Gratings, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0048317"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1021\/ac504110t","article-title":"Plain Silver Surface Plasmon Resonance for Microarray Application","volume":"87","author":"Cheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1021\/ac402126k","article-title":"Stable and Sensitive Silver Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging Sensor Using Trilayered Metallic Structures","volume":"86","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuan, C., Lou, Z., Wang, W., Yang, L., and Li, Y. (2019). Synthesis of Fe3C@C from Pyrolysis of Fe3O4-Lignin Clusters and Its Application for Quick and Sensitive Detection of PrPSc through a Sandwich SPR Detection Assay. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20030741"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lou, Z., Han, H., Mao, D., Jiang, Y., and Song, J. (2018). Qualitative and Quantitative Detection of PrPSc Based on the Controlled Release Property of Magnetic Microspheres Using Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR). Nanomaterials, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano8020107"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13472","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.7b03768","article-title":"Fabrication of Magnetic Conjugation Clusters via Intermolecular Assembling for Ultrasensitive Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Detection in a Wide Range of Concentrations","volume":"89","author":"Lou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dai, X., Liang, Y., Zhao, Y., Gan, S., Jia, Y., and Xiang, Y. (2019). Sensitivity Enhancement of a Surface Plasmon Resonance with Tin Selenide (SnSe) Allotropes. Sensors, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/s19010173"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2004.08.030","article-title":"Sensitivity evaluation of a multi-layered surface plasmon resonance-based fiber optic sensor: A theoretical study","volume":"107","author":"Gupta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xie, J., Zhang, D., Yan, X.Q., Ren, M., Zhao, X., Liu, F., Sun, R., Li, X., Li, Z., and Chen, S. (2019). Optical properties of chemical vapor deposition-grown PtSe2 characterized by spectroscopic ellipsometry. 2D Mater., 6.","DOI":"10.1088\/2053-1583\/ab1490"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSA.58.000380","article-title":"Electric Fields Produced by the Propagation of Plane Coherent Electromagnetic Radiation in a Stratified Medium","volume":"58","author":"Hansen","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2012.04.051","article-title":"Chalcogenide prism and graphene multilayer based surface plasmon resonance affinity biosensor for high performance","volume":"169","author":"Maharana","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1021\/cr068107d","article-title":"Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors for Detection of Chemical and Biological Species","volume":"108","author":"Homola","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3426","DOI":"10.1039\/c3cs60479a","article-title":"Nanomaterials enhanced surface plasmon resonance for biological and chemical sensing applications","volume":"43","author":"Zeng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4005(98)00321-9","article-title":"Surface plasmon resonance sensors: Review","volume":"54","author":"Homola","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34916","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b11424","article-title":"Plasmonic interface modified with graphene oxide sheets overlayer for sensitivity enhancement","volume":"10","author":"Xiong","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2017.04.110","article-title":"Sensitivity enhancement by using few-layer blackphosphorus-graphene\/TMDCs heterostructure in surface plasmonresonance biochemical sensor","volume":"249","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1007\/s11468-014-9721-4","article-title":"On the Performance of Highly Sensitive and Accurate Graphene-on-Aluminum and Silicon-Based SPR Biosensor for Visible and Near Infrared","volume":"9","author":"Maharana","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plasmonics"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s00339-015-9442-3","article-title":"Sensitivity enhancement of surface plasmon resonance sensor based on graphene\u2013MoS2 hybrid structure with TiO2\u2013SiO2 composite layer","volume":"121","author":"Maurya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. A"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2017.05.058","article-title":"Quick and sensitive SPR detection of prion disease-associated isoform (PrPSc) based on its self-assembling behavior on bare gold film andspecific interactions with aptamer-graphene oxide (AGO)","volume":"157","author":"Lou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/20\/1\/131\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:45:15Z","timestamp":1760190315000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/20\/1\/131"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,24]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["s20010131"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s20010131","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,24]]}}}