{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:54:19Z","timestamp":1760241259843,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,24]],"date-time":"2019-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper goes through the process of first designing a feedback system that allows for the measuring of impedance while using the hot snare polypectomy method. The electrosurgical unit used in this study was the Olympus PSD-30. After the impedance-controlled feedback system was completed, the device was tested under a range of power settings from 10 W\u201350 W. The test was performed ex vivo using porcine colon samples. Using the information gathered from these tests, a technique of determining the threshold of perforation and implementing a system to automatically stop the applied current from the PSD-30 was developed. The data showed that after an increase in impedance of 25% from that of the initially measured impedance, perforation ensued in the tissue samples. Using this information, the device was programmed to interrupt the PSD-30 at this threshold point. This final design was tested and proved able to automatically prevent the event of perforation from occurring, resulting in the ability to prevent serious complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20010142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,24]],"date-time":"2019-12-24T10:28:43Z","timestamp":1577183323000},"page":"142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Design of an Impedance-Controlled Hot Snare Polypectomy Device"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"CurtisLee","family":"Thornton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2163-1157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"JungHun","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2016.5688","article-title":"Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived with Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life-Years for 32 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2015: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study","volume":"3","author":"Fitzmaurice","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21442","article-title":"Cancer Statistics, 2018","volume":"68","author":"Siegel","year":"2018","journal-title":"CA A Cancer J. 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Endosc."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.05.007","article-title":"Standardisation of Polypectomy Technique","volume":"31","author":"Moss","year":"2017","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.14312\/2399-8199.2016-1","article-title":"Math, Myth and the Fundamentals of Electrosurgery","volume":"1","author":"Ml","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hepatol. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012030","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/407\/1\/012030","article-title":"Mirrored Modified Howland Circuit for Bioimpedance Applications: Analytical Analysis","volume":"407","author":"Negri","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Phys. Conf. Ser."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2004.06.004","article-title":"Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis? Part I: Review of Principles and Methods","volume":"23","author":"Kyle","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"IXYS (2015). CPC1988 Datasheet, IXYS Integrated Circuits Division."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Olympus (2001). PSD-30 Instruction Manuel, Olympus Medical Systems Corp."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Coto (2019). 9000 Series\/molded SIP Reed Relay Datasheet, Coto Technology."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"ImpediMed (2005). Imp SFB7 Specifications, ImpediMed Limited."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Tang, C. (2016). Novel Performance Evaluation Method for Electrosurgical Ablation by Monopolar Hot Biopsy Forceps. [Ph.D. Thesis, Ohio University]."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/20\/1\/142\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:45:21Z","timestamp":1760190321000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/20\/1\/142"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,24]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["s20010142"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s20010142","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,24]]}}}