{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:15:51Z","timestamp":1775607351648,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,25]],"date-time":"2019-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577232000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region","award":["2019D01C019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019D01C019"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017M613255"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017M613255"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Joint Funds of NSFC-Xinjiang of China","award":["U1703251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1703251"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11664038, 61864011, 51602273"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11664038, 61864011, 51602273"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inspired by the enhanced gas-sensing performance by the one-dimensional hierarchical structure, one-dimensional hierarchical polyaniline\/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (PANI\/CNT) fibers were prepared. Interestingly, the simple heating changed the sensing characteristics of PANI from p-type to n-type and n-type PANI and p-type CNTs form p\u2013n hetero junctions at the core\u2013shell interface of hierarchical PANI\/CNT composites. The p-type PANI\/CNT (p-PANI\/CNT) and n-type PANI\/CNT (n-PANI\/CNT) performed the higher sensitivity to NO2 and NH3, respectively. The response times of p-PANI\/CNT and n-PANI\/CNT to 50 ppm of NO2 and NH3 are only 5.2 and 1.8 s, respectively, showing the real-time response. The estimated limit of detection for NO2 and NH3 is as low as to 16.7 and 6.4 ppb, respectively. After three months, the responses of p-PANI\/CNT and n-PANI\/CNT decreased by 19.1% and 11.3%, respectively. It was found that one-dimensional hierarchical structures and the deeper charge depletion layer enhanced by structural changes of PANI contributed to the sensitive and fast responses to NH3 and NO2. The formation process of the hierarchical PANI\/CNT fibers, p\u2013n transition, and the enhanced gas-sensing performance were systematically analyzed. This work also predicts the development prospects of cost-effective, high-performance PANI\/CNT-based sensors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20010149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,25]],"date-time":"2019-12-25T11:07:48Z","timestamp":1577272068000},"page":"149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["High-Performance Gas Sensor of Polyaniline\/Carbon Nanotube Composites Promoted by Interface Engineering"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Weiyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhaofeng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Energy Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yali","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Energy Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jixi","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Energy Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Furu","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Energy Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haiming","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dianzeng","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Energy Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2012.02.016","article-title":"Internet of things: Vision, applications and research challenges","volume":"10","author":"Miorandi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ad. 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