{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:54:25Z","timestamp":1760241265563,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,25]],"date-time":"2019-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577232000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In a dual-channel circular synthetic aperture radar (CSAR) and ground moving target indication (GMTI) system, the antenna baseline is not parallel with the flight path due to a yaw angle. The angle causes a varying group-phase shift between the dual-channel signals and therefore degrades the correlation between the image pair. Therefore, the group-phase shift needs to be removed before channel equalization. To resolve the problem, the interferometric phase term was deduced and analyzed based on the geometry of a dual-channel CSAR system. Then, the varying phase term with respect to the Doppler frequency and the varying group-phase shift over the range were compensated for in the channel registration. Furthermore, blind channel equalization, including two-dimensional calibration and amplitude equalization, was applied to eliminate the amplitude and residual phase differences between the channels. Finally, the amplitude image obtained using a displaced phase center antenna (DPCA) was multiplied by the phase image obtained with along-track interferometry (ATI) to detect moving targets. The experimental results verified the effectiveness of the method for both uniform and non-uniform clutter suppression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20010158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,25]],"date-time":"2019-12-25T11:07:48Z","timestamp":1577272068000},"page":"158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Moving Target Indication for Dual-Channel Circular SAR\/GMTI Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Laihe","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"},{"name":"Unit 13, the No. 92493 Troop of PLA, Huludao 125001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7733-9083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yueli","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daoxiang","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2016.2606437","article-title":"An Approach for Refocusing of Ground Moving Target Without Target Motion Parameter Estimation","volume":"55","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"538","article-title":"Three-dimensional Reconstruction Method Study Based on Interferometric Circular SAR","volume":"5","author":"Hou","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Radars"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen, W.J., Lin, Y., Yu, L.J., Xue, F.T., and Hong, W. (2018). Single Channel Circular SAR Moving TargetDetection Based on Logarithm BackgroundSubtraction Algorithm. Remote Sens., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10050742"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2016.2622712","article-title":"Image-Based Target Detection and Radial VelocityEstimation Methods for Multichannel SAR-GMTI","volume":"55","author":"Suwa","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Zhang, Y.H. (2006). 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Sensors, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/s17112683"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"083504","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JRS.8.083504","article-title":"Performance Comparison and Assessment of Displaced Phase Center Antenna and Along-track Interferometry Techniques used in Synthetic Aperture Radar-ground Moving Target Indication","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Appl. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4795","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2017.2701810","article-title":"Ship Detection in Dual-Channel ATI-SAR Based on the Notch Filter","volume":"55","author":"Gao","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uysal, F., Murthy, V., and Scarborough, S.M. (2014, January 5\u20139). Blind Phase Calibration for Along-Track Interferometry: Application to Gotcha Data Set. Proceedings of the SPIE Security + Defence 2014, Baltimore, MD, USA.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2058259"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, L.H., An, D.X., Wang, W., and Li, Y.L. (2018, January 18\u201320). A Clutter Suppression Method for Dual-channel Circular SAR-GMTI. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM 2018), Chongqing, China.","DOI":"10.12783\/dtcse\/wicom2018\/26302"},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Zhang, Z.X. (2010). Research on Channel Equalization Based on DPCA for Airborne SAR\/GMTI System. [Ph.D. Thesis, University NUAA]."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/20\/1\/158\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:45:44Z","timestamp":1760190344000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/20\/1\/158"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,25]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["s20010158"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s20010158","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,25]]}}}