{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T03:43:02Z","timestamp":1775706182494,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,28]],"date-time":"2019-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010665","name":"H2020 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["722012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["722012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Digital biofeedback systems (DBSs) are used in physical rehabilitation to improve outcomes by engaging and educating patients and have the potential to support patients while doing targeted exercises during home rehabilitation. The components of feedback (mode, content, frequency and timing) can influence motor learning and engagement in various ways. The feedback design used in DBSs for targeted exercise home rehabilitation, as well as the evidence underpinning the feedback and how it is evaluated, is not clearly known. To explore these concepts, we conducted a scoping review where an electronic search of PUBMED, PEDro and ACM digital libraries was conducted from January 2000 to July 2019. The main inclusion criteria included DBSs for targeted exercises, in a home rehabilitation setting, which have been tested on a clinical population. Nineteen papers were reviewed, detailing thirteen different DBSs. Feedback was mainly visual, concurrent and descriptive, frequently providing knowledge of results. Three systems provided clear rationale for the use of feedback. Four studies conducted specific evaluations of the feedback, and seven studies evaluated feedback in a less detailed or indirect manner. Future studies should describe in detail the feedback design in DBSs and consider a robust evaluation of the feedback element of the intervention to determine its efficacy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20010181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,30]],"date-time":"2019-12-30T05:49:41Z","timestamp":1577684981000},"page":"181","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Feedback Design in Targeted Exercise Digital Biofeedback Systems for Home Rehabilitation: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9618-0450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louise","family":"Brennan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiotherapy department, Beacon Hospital, Bracken Road, Sandyford Industrial Estate, Dublin 18, Ireland"},{"name":"Insight Centre for Data Analytics, O\u2019Brien Science Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland"},{"name":"School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland"}]},{"given":"Enrique","family":"Dorronzoro Zubiete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Technology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Caulfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Insight Centre for Data Analytics, O\u2019Brien Science Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland"},{"name":"School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00998946","article-title":"Biofeedback in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"3","author":"Fernando","year":"1978","journal-title":"Biofeedback Self. 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