{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:53:59Z","timestamp":1760241239865,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,28]],"date-time":"2019-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parkinson\u2019s disease results in motor impairment that deteriorates patients\u2019 quality of life. One of the symptoms negatively interfering with daily activities is kinetic tremor which should be measured to monitor the outcome of therapy. A new instrumented method of quantification of the kinetic tremor is proposed, based on the analysis of circles drawn on a digitizing tablet by a patient. The aim of this approach is to obtain a tremor scoring equivalent to that performed by trained clinicians. Models are trained with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method to predict the tremor scores on the basis of the parameters computed from the patients\u2019 drawings. Signal parametrization is derived from both expert knowledge and the response of an artificial neural network to the raw data, thus the approach was named multimodal. The fitted models are eventually combined into model ensembles that provide aggregated scores of the kinetic tremor captured in the drawings. The method was verified with a set of clinical data acquired from 64 Parkinson\u2019s disease patients. Automated and objective quantification of the kinetic tremor with the presented approach yielded promising results, as the Pearson\u2019s correlations between the visual ratings of tremor and the model predictions ranged from 0.839 to 0.890 in the best-performing models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20010184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,30]],"date-time":"2019-12-30T05:49:41Z","timestamp":1577684981000},"page":"184","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A Multimodal Approach to the Quantification of Kinetic Tremor in Parkinson\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0464-3949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateusz","family":"Szumilas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Metrology and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechatronics, Warsaw University of Technology, A. Boboli 8 St., 02-525 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Lewenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Metrology and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechatronics, Warsaw University of Technology, A. Boboli 8 St., 02-525 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2809-5203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"El\u017cbieta","family":"\u015alubowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Metrology and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechatronics, Warsaw University of Technology, A. Boboli 8 St., 02-525 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stanis\u0142aw","family":"Szlufik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, \u017bwirki i Wigury 61 St., 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dariusz","family":"Koziorowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, \u017bwirki i Wigury 61 St., 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevBiomedEng.v35.i5.10","article-title":"A Review on Techniques for Tremor Recording and Quantification","volume":"35","author":"Mansur","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Biomed. 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